Q: What are the 5 major digestive system functions?
A: Ingestion/ propulsion/ mechanical & chemical digestion/ absorption/ defecation.
Q: What are the two divisions of the digestive system?
A: Alimentary canal and accessory organs.
Q: List the organs of the alimentary canal in order.
Mouth → pharynx → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → anus.
Q: What are the major accessory organs?
A: Salivary glands/ liver/ gallbladder/ pancreas
Q: What are the functions of the oral cavity?
A: Ingestion/ mastication/ lubrication/ carbohydrate digestion.
Q: What enzyme begins carbohydrate digestion?
A: Salivary amylase.
Q: What is a bolus?
A: A ball of food formed for swallowing.
Q: What are the 3 phases of swallowing?
A: Oral (voluntary)/ pharyngeal (involuntary)/ esophageal (involuntary).
Q: What are the main functions of the stomach?
A: Storage/ mechanical mixing/ begins protein digestion.
Q: What hormone increases gastric acid secretion?
A: Gastrin.
Q: What triggers the cephalic phase?
A: Sight/smell of food → vagal stimulation.
Q: What activates the gastric phase?
A: Food in the stomach → gastrin release.
Q: What happens during the intestinal phase?
A: Chyme in duodenum → secretin & CCK inhibit gastric activity.
Q: What does secretin do?
A: ↓ gastric activity so we can absorb full nutrients, not overload the small intestine.
Q: What does CCK do?
A: Stimulates bile & pancreatic enzyme secretion.
Q: What are the four tunics of the GI tract?
A: Mucosa/ submucosa/ muscularis externa/ serosa
Q: What muscle layers create peristalsis?
A: Circular & longitudinal layers of muscularis externa.
Q: What is the enteric nervous system (ENS)?
A: Intrinsic “brain of the gut.”
Q: What does the myenteric plexus control?
A: GI muscular activity and motility.
Q: How does the autonomic nervous system affect digestion?
A: Parasympathetic stimulates; sympathetic inhibits.
Q: What is peristalsis?
A: Forward propulsion of food.
Q: What is segmentation?
A: Mixing movements to enhance digestion and absorption.
Q: What do sphincters do?
A: acts as valves to control the movement of food and waste
Q: What are the three regions of the small intestine?
A: Duodenum/ jejunum/ ileum.
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Endocrine system29
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Nervous System50
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NT and Nerves30
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CNS36
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SNS28
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Motor23
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Phys Questions26
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Muscle Physiology50
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Cardiac Phys26
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Blood Vessels28
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Circulatory sys.30
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Exam Questions 330
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Respiratory System52
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Kidney34
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Digestion37
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Reproductive44
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Exam Questions 449
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Final Exam Questions37
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Exam #1 questions42
