Digestive Sys.

Question 1

what are the components of the GI tract?

Answer 1

1. mouth
2. pharynx
3. esophagus
4. stomach
5. small intestine
6. large intestine

Question 2

what is the major function of the pharynx?

Answer 2

It transports air to the larynx and food to the esophagus

Question 3

what is the major function of the esophagus?

Answer 3

to transport food entering the mouth and into the stomach

Question 4

what is the major function of the stomach?

Answer 4

storage + enzyme production + vitamin absorption

Question 5

what is the major function of the small intestine?

Answer 5

absorption + digestion of nutrients

Question 6

what is the major function of the large intestine?

Answer 6

completion of H2O absorption + formation & excretion of feces

Question 7

what are the layers of the GI tract?

Answer 7

1. Mucosa
   2) Submucosa
   3) Muscularis
   4) Serosa

Question 8

components of mucosa layer =

Answer 8

epithelia inner lining + CT layer (lamina
propria) + thin layer of smooth muscle

Question 9

components of submucosa layer =

Answer 9

areolar CT with many neurons

Question 10

Muscularis layer components =

Answer 10

skeletal musc @ 2 ends + SM rest/middle of tract

Question 10

What is MALT and where is it located?

Answer 10

• MALT = immune cells in clusters
• location = tonsils, small
  intestines, appendix and large intestin

Question 11

epithelium cells of the mucosa layer =

Answer 11

• Goblet cells
• Endocrine cells

Question 12

Rapidly dividing
cells more prone to….

Answer 12

developing tumors than
slowly dividing cells

Question 13

Serosa layer components =

Answer 13

areolar CT + mesothelium

Question 14

major functions of accessory digestive organs?

Answer 14

to secrete or store secretions needed for digestion

Question 15

what are the accessory digestive organs?

Answer 15

1. teeth
2. tongue
3. salivary glands
4. liver
5. pancreas
6. gall bladder

Question 16

Where is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 16

is the space between the 2 layers of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity

Question 17

Where are the different layers?

Answer 17

1. Parietal peritoneum = lines outside of cavity.
2. Visceral peritoneum = covers organs

Question 18

What is the name of the fluid in the peritoneal cavity that accumulates in disease?

Answer 18

ascites fluid

Question 19

What is the condition called “mumps”?

Answer 19

it targets the parotid glands which become inflamed and
enlarged

Question 20

what are the 3 major salivary glands?

Answer 20

1. Parotid glands
2. Submandibular glands
3. Sublingual glands

Question 21

How is the epithelium of the esophagus structurally related to function?

Answer 21

helps with lubrication and the swallowing of food

Question 22

What is gastrointestinal reflux disease + how can it lead to esophageal cancer?

Answer 22

• occurs if the lower esophageal sphincter does not close completely stomach contents can back-up
• can lead to esophageal cancer if left untreated

Question 23

How many teeth present in a child?

Answer 23

20

Question 24

How many teeth in a healthy adult if all their wisdom teeth have erupted?

Answer 24

32

Question 24

entry + exit structures of the stomach =

Answer 24

- Entry = controlled by lower esophageal sphincter - Exit = controlled by pyloric sphincter

Question 25

what is the 1 endocrine cell in the stomach?

Answer 25

G cells

Question 26

what are the 3 types of exocrine cells in the stomach?

Answer 26

1. Mucous neck cells 2. Parietal cells 3. Chief cells

Question 27

Mucous neck cells function =

Answer 27

secrete mucous

Question 28

Parietal cells function =

Answer 28

secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 29

Chief cells function =

Answer 29

secretes pepsinogen + gastric lipase

Question 30

G cell function =

Answer 30

secrete gastrin

Question 31

What portion of the pancreas is endocrine and what portion is exocrine?

Answer 31

- 99% = exocrine - 1% = endocrine

Question 32

Where are the enzymes produced by the exocrine portion secreted?

Answer 32

the main pancreatic duct

Question 33

exocrine portion of pancreas secretes what?

Answer 33

enzymes

Question 34

endocrine portion of pancreas secretes what?

Answer 34

hormones

Question 35

How is a liver lobule arranged?

Answer 35

in a hexagonal shape composed of plates of hepatocytes radiating outward from the central vein to the portal triads

Question 36

What is a portal triad composed of ?

Answer 36

- hepatic artery - portal vein - bile duct

Question 37

What cell-types are present and what do they do?

Answer 37

1. hepatocytes 2. bile duct cells 3. Kupffer cells

Question 38

What is a portal system and why is the hepatic portal system important?

Answer 38

- portal sys. = the filtration of blood before entering the main blood stream - it ensures that harmful substances that may have been fully digested before the blood then enters the main blood circulation

Question 39

What is the location and function of the gallbladder?

Answer 39

- function = stores + concentrates bile - location = just beneath your liver on the R side of your abdomen

Question 40

Where is bile produced? Why is it green? Where is bile stored?

Answer 40

- produced = in liver - why green = because of pigment Bilirubin - stored = in gallbladder

Question 41

Name the different layers of the small intestine

Answer 41

1. Duodenum - closest to stomach 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum - closest to large intestin

Question 42

How is the epithelium of the small intestine specialized for function?

Answer 42

is specialized for absorption + secretion

Question 43

Why is the mucosa folded into villi?

Answer 43

to increase the surface area to help with absorption

Question 44

What are the 5 sphincters along the GI tract?

Answer 44

1. upper esophageal sphincter 2. lower esophageal sphincter 3. pyloric sphincter 4. ileocecal sphincter 5. internal anal sphincter

Question 45

What is the purpose of a sphincter?

Answer 45

are circular muscles that open and close passages in the body to regulate the flow of substances

Question 46

what is the functional unit of the liver ?

Answer 46

lobule

Question 47

what type of muscle makes up the upper esophageal sphincter?

Answer 47

skeletal muscle

Question 48

what type of muscle makes up the lower esophageal sphincter?

Answer 48

smooth muscle

Question 49

what type of muscle makes up the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 49

smooth muscle

Question 50

what type of muscle makes up the ileocecal sphincter?

Answer 50

smooth muscle

Question 51

what type of muscle makes up internal anal sphincter?

Answer 51

skeletal muscle

Question 52

what are the 3 layers of the mucosa layer?

Answer 52

1. epithelium 2. lamina propria 3. muscularis mucosa