Digestive System

Question 1

what are biological molecules

Answer 1

molecules of life needed for survival containing carbon

Question 2

why are biological molecules important

Answer 2

provide fuel for activities growth repair division and health maintenance

Question 3

what are nutrients

Answer 3

chemicals in food that give energy and materials for the body

Question 4

what are the 3 parts of a balanced diet

Answer 4

nutrients water and dietary fibre

Question 5

what are the 2 types of nutrients

Answer 5

organic and inorganic

Question 6

what are the inorganic nutrients

Answer 6

mineral salts

Question 7

what are the organic biological molecules

Answer 7

carbohydrates lipids and proteins

Question 8

what are carbohydrates

Answer 8

source of immediate energy

Question 9

what are examples of carbohydrates

Answer 9

starch sugar cellulose

Question 10

what is cellulose used for in plants

Answer 10

to form cell walls for support

Question 11

what does cellulose do in humans

Answer 11

forms fibre bulk in faeces

Question 12

what are proteins

Answer 12

large molecules for growth and repair of tissues

Question 13

examples of protein-rich food

Answer 13

meat fish milk dairy egg whites

Question 14

what are lipids

Answer 14

large molecules for energy storage and insulation

Question 15

examples of lipids

Answer 15

butter oil cheese

Question 16

what are enzymes

Answer 16

biological catalysts made of protein

Question 17

what do catalysts do

Answer 17

speed up chemical reactions without being changed

Question 18

what are enzyme functions

Answer 18

build up or break down substances

Question 19

examples of build up reactions

Answer 19

photosynthesis protein synthesis

Question 20

examples of break down reactions

Answer 20

respiration digestion

Question 21

how do enzymes speed reactions

Answer 21

lower the energy needed for reactions

Question 22

are enzymes reusable

Answer 22

yes they remain unchanged after reactions

Question 23

why are enzymes specific

Answer 23

due to their unique 3D shape

Question 24

what factors affect enzyme activity

Answer 24

extreme pH and temperature

Question 25

what is the mammalian digestive system

Answer 25

a well-developed system to process food

Question 26

what is the alimentary canal

Answer 26

tube from mouth to anus for food processing

Question 27

list the 4 processes of the alimentary canal

Answer 27

ingestion digestion absorption egestion

Question 28

what are the associated digestive organs

Answer 28

liver pancreas gallbladder

Question 29

what is digestion

Answer 29

breaking large insoluble food into small soluble molecules

Question 30

what happens to products of digestion

Answer 30

absorbed into blood then delivered to body cells

Question 31

what is physical digestion

Answer 31

breaking food into smaller pieces

Question 32

examples of physical digestion

Answer 32

chewing churning bile emulsification

Question 33

why is physical digestion important

Answer 33

increases surface area for faster enzyme action

Question 34

what is chemical digestion

Answer 34

breaking large molecules into small soluble ones with enzymes

Question 35

where does digestion begin

Answer 35

in the mouth

Question 36

what happens in the mouth

Answer 36

food chewed saliva moistens starch digested into maltose by salivary amylase

Question 37

what is peristalsis

Answer 37

wave-like muscle contractions moving food along the canal

Question 38

are there enzymes in the oesophagus

Answer 38

no but salivary amylase action can continue

Question 39

what happens in the stomach

Answer 39

proteins digested into polypeptides by pepsin in acidic conditions

Question 40

what is chyme

Answer 40

liquid mix of food and gastric juice from stomach churning

Question 41

how long is the small intestine

Answer 41

about 6 metres

Question 42

what aids digestion in the small intestine

Answer 42

bile and pancreatic juice

Question 43

where is bile made

Answer 43

liver

Question 44

where is bile stored

Answer 44

gallbladder

Question 45

what does bile do

Answer 45

emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid

Question 46

is bile digestion chemical or physical

Answer 46

physical digestion

Question 47

where is pancreatic juice made

Answer 47

pancreas

Question 48

what enzymes are in pancreatic juice

Answer 48

pancreatic amylase trypsin pancreatic lipase

Question 49

what does pancreatic amylase do

Answer 49

digests starch to maltose

Question 50

what does trypsin do

Answer 50

digests proteins to polypeptides

Question 51

what does pancreatic lipase do

Answer 51

digests fats to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 52

what does the large intestine do

Answer 52

absorbs water and mineral salts

Question 53

what is faeces

Answer 53

solid waste left after absorption

Question 54

where is faeces stored

Answer 54

rectum

Question 55

what is egestion

Answer 55

removal of undigested waste via anus

Question 56

where are products of digestion absorbed

Answer 56

small intestine into bloodstream

Question 57

what happens after absorption

Answer 57

nutrients move from blood into tissues for use