1
Q
Bile
A
Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; emulsification
2
Q
Bilirubin
A
Pigment released by the liver in bile (makes fecal matter brown)
3
Q
Bowel
A
Intestine (either one)
4
Q
Canine teeth
A
Pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors(front teeth); cuspids, eyeteeth
5
Q
Cecum
A
First part of the large intestine
6
Q
Colon
A
Consists of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments
7
Q
Common bile duct
A
(Tunnel) carries the bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum
8
Q
Defecation
A
Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
9
Q
Deglutition
A
Swallowing
10
Q
Dentin
A
Primary material found in teeth; covered by the enamel (crown) and a protective layer of cementum (root)
11
Q
Digestion
A
Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
12
Q
Duodenum
A
First part of the small intestine (12 inches)
13
Q
Elimination
A
Act of removal of materials from the body
14
Q
Emulsification
A
Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules
15
Q
Enamel
A
Hard, outermost layer of a tooth
16
Q
Enzyme
A
Chemical that speeds up reaction times between substances
17
Q
Esophagus
A
Tube connecting the throat to the stomach
18
Q
Fatty acids
A
Substances produced when fats are digested; a category of lipids
19
Q
Feces
A
Solid wastes; stool
20
Q
Gallbladder
A
Small sac under the liver; stores bile
21
Q
Glucose
A
Simple sugar
22
Q
Glycogen
A
Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver cells
23
Q
Hydrochloric acid
A
Substance produced in the stomach; necessary for digestion
24
Q
Ileum
A
Third part of the small intestine
25
Incisor
One of the four front teeth in the dental arch
26
Insulin
Hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
27
Jejunum
Second part of the small intestine
28
Lipase
Pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fats
29
Liver
Large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen; secretes bile, stores sugar, iron and vitamins, produces blood proteins, destroys worn out red blood cells, filters out toxins usually 2.5-3 lbs (adult)
30
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach
31
Mastication
Chewing
32
Molar teeth
Sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle of either side of the dental arch
33
Palate
Roof of the mouth
34
Pancreas
Organ behind the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes
35
Papillae (papilla)
Small, projections on the tongue (bumps)
36
Parotid gland
Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
37
Peristalsis
Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs (muscles that move the food down)
38
Pharynx
Throat; common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose
39
Portal vein
Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
40
Protease
Enzyme that digests proteins
41
Pulp
Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels
42
Pyloric sphincter
Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum; opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it
43
Pylorus
Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
44
Rectum
Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus
45
Rugae
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
46
Saliva
Digestive juice produced by salivary glands; contains amylase
47
Salivary glands (name them)
Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
48
Sigmoid colon
Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum, empties into the rectum
49
Sphincter
Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
50
Stomach
Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus
51
Triglycerides
Fat molecules composed of three parts of fatty acids and one part glycerol; subgroup of lipids
52
Uvula
Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate
53
Villi (villus)
Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream (bumps)
54
An/o
Anus
55
Append/o; appendic/o
Appendix
56
Bucc/o
Cheek
57
Cec/o
Cecum
58
Celi/o
Belly, abdomen
59
Cheil/o
Lip
60
Labi/o
Lip
61
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
62
Choledoch/o
Common bile duct
63
Col/o
Colon
64
Colon/o
Colon
65
Dent/i
Tooth
66
Duoden/o
Duodenum
67
Enter/o
Intestines, usually small intestine
68
Sialaden/o
Salivary gland
69
Esophag/o
Esophagus
70
Faci/o
Face
71
Gastr/o
Stomach
72
Gingiv/o
Gums
73
Gloss/o
Tongue
74
Hepat/o
Liver
75
ile/o
Ileum
76
Jejun/o
Jejunum
77
Lapar/o
Abdomen
78
Lingu/o
Tongue
79
Mandibul/o
Lower jaw, mandible
80
Odont/o
Tooth
81
Or/o
Mouth
82
Palat/o
Palate
83
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
84
Peritone/o
Peritoneum
85
86
Pharyng/o
Throat
87
Proct/o
Anus and rectum
88
Pylor/o
Pyloric sphincter
89
Rect/o
Rectum
90
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
91
Stomat/o
Mouth
92
Uvul/o
Uvula
93
Amyl/o
Starch
94
Bil/i
Gall, bile
95
Bilirubin/o
Bilirubin (bile pigment)
96
Chol/e
Gall or bile
97
Chlorhydr/o
Hydrochloric acid
98
Gluc/o
Sugar
99
Glyc/o
Sugar
100
Glycogen/o
Glycogen, animal starch
101
Lip/o
Fat
102
Lith/o
Stone
103
Prote/o
Protein
104
Py/o
Pus
105
Sial/o
Saliva, salivary
106
Steat/ o
Fat
107
-ase
Enzyme
108
-chezia
Defecation, elimination of wastes
109
-iasis
Abnormal condition
110
-prandial
Meal
111
Absorption
Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
112
Amino acids
Small building blocks of proteins; released when proteins are digested
113
Amylase
Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch
114
Anus
Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
115
Appendix
Blind pouch hanging from the cecum
116
Anastomoses
Where two things get attached; junction
117
Anorexia
Lack of appetite
118
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
119
Borborygmi
Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid or both in the GI tract
120
Constipation
Difficulty in passing stools
121
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
122
Eructation
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth (burping)
123
Flatus
Gas expelled through the anus
124
Hematochezia
Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
125
Jaundice (icterus)
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood
126
Diarrhea
Frequent passage of loose, watery stool
127
Melena
Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
128
Nausea
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit
129
Steatorrhea
Fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter
130
Aphthous stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
131
Dental caries
Tooth decay
132
Herpetic stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpes virus
133
How long does it take for food to move out of your stomach (peristalsis)?
20 minutes
134
Oral leukoplakia
White plaques or patches
135
Periodontal disease
Inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone
136
Achalasia
Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
137
Esophageal cancer
Malignant tumor of the esophagus
138
Gastric carcinoma
Malignant tumor of the stomach
139
Esophageal varices
Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
140
Varices
Dilated veins
141
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
142
Peptic ulcer
Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum
143
Hernia
Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it
144
Anal fistula
Abnormal tubelike passageway near the anus
145
Colonic polyposis
Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
146
Colorectal cancer
Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both
147
Crohn disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
148
Diverticulosis
Abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall
149
Dysentery
Painful, inflamed intestines (diarrhea for a long period of time)
150
Polyp
Outgrowth of normal cells (solid)
151
Hemorrhoids
Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
152
Ileus
Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
153
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Inflammation of the colon and small intestine
154
IBD
Autoimmune disease
155
Intussusception
Telescoping of the intestines
156
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome——- group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension
157
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers
158
Volvulus
Twisting of the intestines on itself
159
Cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
160
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Liver cancer
161
Pancreatic cancer
Malignant tumor of the pancreas
162
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
163
Viral hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
164
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones in the gallbladder
Med-term
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Decks in class (13)
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