Digestive System

Question 1

since the cells in our body cannot obtain energy directly from the food we eat:

Answer 1

food must be broken down and transformed in order for our cells to absorb the nutrients

Question 2

what is the role of the digestive system

Answer 2

-break down ingested food into molecules that are small enough yo be absorbed by our bodies.
-it eliminates undigested food in the form of solid waste

Question 3

name the 2 parts of the digestive system

Answer 3

-digestive tract and digestive glands

Question 4

what is digestive tract

Answer 4

parts that the food travels through

Question 5

what is digestive glands

Answer 5

parts that release secretions into the digestive tract in order to help break down food

Question 6

name parts of the digestive tract

Answer 6

-mouth
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine

Question 7

name parts of the digestive glands

Answer 7

-salivary glands
-gastric glands
-liver and gallbladder
-pancreas
-intestinal glands

Question 8

4 roles of the digestive system

Answer 8

-ingesting food
-digesting food
-absorption of nutrients
-elimination of waste

Question 9

explain steps of ingestion of food

Answer 9

-deglutition ( swallowing) of food: once food is chewed up and mixed with saliva, called bolus

-peristalsis: muscular contraction of esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestines. Allows food to be pushed through components of digestive tract.

Question 10

explain steps of digestion of food
1) MECHANICAL TRANFORMATION

Answer 10

• breaking food down into smaller pieces to prepare it for chemical transformation.
• chewing: crushing, grinding food with teeth and mouth
  -churning; muscle contraction in stomach and small intestine in order to mix food

Question 11

explain steps of digestion of food
2) CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION

Answer 11

breaks down food into simpler molecules. aided by secretion from digestive glands

Question 12

salivary glands:

Answer 12

secretion: saliva
location: mouth
targets: starch (complex carbs)

Question 13

gastric glands:

Answer 13

secretion: gastric juices
location: stomach
targets: proteins

Question 14

intestinal glands:

Answer 14

secretion: intestinal juices
location: small intestine
targets: proteins, carb, fats

Question 15

pancreas:

Answer 15

secretion: pancreatic juice
location: small intestine
targets: proteins, carb, fats

Question 16

liver:

Answer 16

secretion: bile
location: small intestine
targets: fats

Question 17

when does digestion end

Answer 17

in small intestine

Question 18

how are nurtients broken down after digestion is complete

Answer 18

-proteins turn in amino acids
-carbs turn in sugar (mostly glucose)
-fats turn into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 19

explain the steps of absorption of nutrients

Answer 19

-allows passage of nutrients from the digestive tract into blood or lymph
-nutrients are absorbed through small intestine through the villi, nutrients flow through walls of villi and into the body

Question 20

what do villi contain

Answer 20

blood and lymph vessels

Question 21

explain steps for elimination of fecal matter

Answer 21

-digestive matter that has not been absorbed enter large intestine as liquid
-most absorption occurs in small intestine, large intestine can absorb some vitamin, mineral =, water
-fecal matter is expelled in solid form from rectum to anus

Question 22

READ SUMMARY IN NOTES (LAST PAGE)

Answer 22

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