CCEA GCSE Digital Technology > DIGITAL DATA > Flashcards

DIGITAL DATA Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What is a bit?

A

A binary digit. The smallest unit of data. It can be 0 or 1.

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2
Q

How many bits are in a byte?

A

8 bits. One byte usually represents one character.

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3
Q

What is a nibble?

A

4 bits (half a byte). One nibble equals one hexadecimal digit.

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4
Q

How many bytes are in 1 KB?

A

1,024 bytes

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5
Q

How many kilobytes are in 1 MB?

A

1,048,576 bytes (1,024 KB)

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6
Q

How many MB are in 1 GB?

A

1,024 MB

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7
Q

How many GB are in 1 TB?

A

1,024 GB

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8
Q

What does ASCII stand for?

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

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9
Q

How many bits does ASCII use?

A

7 bits (8 bits in extended ASCII)

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10
Q

How many characters can ASCII represent?

A

128 characters (2^7)

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the 8th bit in extended ASCII?

A

Used as a parity bit for error checking

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12
Q

What is Unicode?

A

A universal character encoding system that represents most languages and symbols worldwide

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13
Q

How many bits does Unicode typically use?

A

16 bits (can represent over 65,000 characters)

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14
Q

Why does Unicode require more memory than ASCII?

A

Unicode uses 16 bits per character compared to ASCII’s 7-8 bits, allowing it to represent many more characters from different languages

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15
Q

What is data?

A

Raw or unprocessed facts or figures which have no context and no real meaning

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16
Q

What is information?

A

Processed data that is given a context and can be understood

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17
Q

Name the factors affecting the quality of information

A

Accuracy, completeness, up-to-date, relevance, presentation and reliability

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18
Q

What is data compression?

A

The process of reducing the physical size of files, normally for use online or storage

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19
Q

What are the two main types of compression?

A

Lossy and Lossless compression

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20
Q

What is lossy compression?

A

Compression that removes some data permanently to reduce file size. Quality is reduced but file size is significantly smaller

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21
Q

What is lossless compression?

A

Compression that reduces file size without losing any data. Original quality is maintained

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22
Q

Give an example of a lossy compression format

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A

JPEG (for images), MP3 (for audio), MPEG (for video)

23
Q

Give an example of a lossless compression format

Study These Flashcards
A

PNG (for images), ZIP (for files), FLAC (for audio)

24
Q

What does JPEG stand for?

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A

Joint Photographic Experts Group

25
What does PNG stand for?
Portable Network Graphics
26
What does GIF stand for?
Graphics Interchange Format
27
What does TIFF stand for?
Tagged Image File Format
28
What does MPEG stand for?
Moving Picture Experts Group
29
What does PDF stand for?
Portable Document Format
30
What does CSV stand for?
Comma-Separated Values
31
What does RTF stand for?
Rich Text Format
32
What does MIDI stand for?
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
33
What does WAV stand for?
Windows Audio Waveform
34
What does WMA stand for?
Windows Media Audio
35
What does AVI stand for?
Audio Video Interleaved
36
What is portability in terms of data?
The ability to transfer data between different systems, platforms, or applications
37
Why is file format important for portability?
Different systems may not support all file formats, so choosing the right format ensures data can be accessed across platforms
38
What is a proprietary file format?
A file format owned by a specific company that may not be supported by other software
39
What is an open file format?
A file format with publicly available specifications that can be implemented by anyone
40
Give an example of a proprietary file format
.docx (Microsoft Word), .psd (Adobe Photoshop)
41
Give an example of an open file format
.txt (plain text), .csv (comma-separated values), .html (web pages)
42
How much storage does the text 'Digital Technology' require in ASCII?
18 bytes (17 characters + 1 space = 18 characters × 1 byte each)
43
What is a character set?
The range of symbols/characters that can be represented in a computer system, where each character has a unique binary code
44
What is a control character in ASCII?
A non-printing character used to control devices, such as carriage return (CR) or line feed (LF)
45
Give an example of a control character
Carriage Return (ASCII 13), Line Feed (ASCII 10), Tab (ASCII 9)
46
What is sampling in digital audio?
The process of converting analog sound waves into digital data by taking measurements at regular intervals
47
What is sample rate?
The number of samples taken per second, measured in Hz (Hertz)
48
What is bit depth in digital audio?
The number of bits used to represent each sample, affecting the quality and file size
49
What is resolution in digital images?
The number of pixels in an image, usually expressed as width × height
50
What is colour depth?
The number of bits used to represent the colour of each pixel
51
How do you calculate image file size?
Width × Height × Colour Depth (in bits) ÷ 8 (to convert to bytes)
52
What is a pixel?
The smallest unit of a digital image, representing a single point of colour
53
Calculate the file size of a 100×100 pixel image with 24-bit colour depth
30,000 bytes (100 × 100 × 24 ÷ 8 = 30,000 bytes)
54
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CCEA GCSE Digital Technology
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