Military Topics > Disaster > Flashcards

Disaster Flashcards

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1
Q

negative effects of aid

A

dependency
manipulate
aid = wealth = power
aid for civilians can be stolen by fights/bandits/black market
aid delivers equipment liek vehicles/radios which can be valuable to insurgents
armed escorts to facilities aid operations hav implications that need to be carefully evaluated
culture of dependency if no end state/goal
aid only given to one group/divides popuation
aid can be misued, unintended/negative consequences

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2
Q

Humanitarian Reform Afgenda

A

2005

to reform humanitarian coordination

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3
Q

cluster approach

A

reform for the international humanitarian coordination system

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4
Q

clusters (aid relief)

A

groups of humanitarian organizations (UN & non)
wach one of the main sectors for humitarian action (water, health, logistics…)
designaed byt ehe Inter-Agency Standing COmittee

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5
Q

IASC

A

inter agency standing comittee
*developed the cluster approach to humanitarian reponse b/c previous responss were disjointed. clusters provides better organization
(unorganization leads to duplications)

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6
Q

goal of clusters (aid relief)

A

achieve units of effort among responsders w/o relinquishing any of their independence
(unorganizaiton leads to duplications of efforts)

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7
Q

first time the cluster approach was used for humanitarian response

A

clusters first used in the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan

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8
Q

what happens when disasters don’t use a cluster system for response

A

chaos
confusion
competition

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9
Q

benefits of the cluster approach to humanitarian aid

A
  • lets coordination/organization of humanitarian response lead to organizations can plug into the system by doing their own mission/provide their own special skills btu also coordinate with each other
  • clarifies roles & responsibilities and divides labor
  • ensures there are no gaps/duplications fo efrorts
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10
Q

organizations that agree to coordiante humanitarian efforts within their clusters

A

Lead Agency

  • oversees clusters worldwide, policies & procedures, build training & capacity, secure emergency response funds & materials, coordinate w/agenceis
  • **assess, respond, surge, expertise, stoc,pile, standardize, monitor
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11
Q

4 aspects of stockpiling

A

acquire
store
preposition
distribute

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12
Q

aid agencies & security

A

aid agencies handle security differently from the military

  • what works for the military might endanger aid workers
  • know how id agencies handle securioty so you don’t inadvertenty endanger aid workers
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13
Q

Aid Worker Security Report & Database

A

in 2017, 158 major events against aid workers in 27 cuntries affected 313 aid workers

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14
Q

how to evaluate aid worker victims of violence

A
  • when you look at victims, also look to see if incident rate increased every year in proportion to the number of workers
  • when you look at the incidence rate over time, consider if hte proprotion is the same if mor wokers
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15
Q

where does 2/3 of all violence against aid workers occur

A 
SUdan
Africa
Syria
CAR
NIgeria
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16
Q

4 common tactics to hurt aid workers

A 
assault
explosive
kidnap
shoot
**rape & sexual assault are underreported
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17
Q

3 motives for violence against aid workers

A

political
money
incidential (wrong place, wrong time)

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18
Q

who is responsible for the safety of all aid workers

A

host nations or occupying power are responsible for the safey of all on teh soil including guests and aid workers per the GEneva COnvention

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19
Q

considering when military and non-military work together to provide humanitarian aid

A

humanitarian organizations are distinct from military/political actors and follow humanitarian princples of impartiality, neutrality, and independence. so they can’t be complicit w/militry and polticis

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20
Q

fundamental policy document for UN field operations security

A

MOSS = Minimum Operating Security Standards

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21
Q

deterrance

A

approach to security where yu attempt to deter a threat with a counterthreat

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22
Q

problem of hiring private security for aid workers

A

may increase retaliation

affects preceived neutrality,impartiality, and operational independence of humanitarian actors

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23
Q

problem of military & nonmilitary working together during a humanitarian crisis

A

blurs lines. makes the aid agencies not appear impatial, neutral, independent

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24
Q

UN-CMCoord

A

“sim-cord”
UN Civil Military Coordination Field Handbook
*interaction betwen civilian in military actors in human itarian emergencies that is necessary to:
-protect/promote hujmanitarian principles
-avoid competition
-minimize inconsistency
-pursue common goals

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25
CMO
activities that establish, maintain, influence, or exploitrelationships between military and indigents ppulations/multinations by directly supporting the attainment of objectives r/t the reestablishment or maintaence of stability wihtin a region or HN
26
primary reference for CMC during an international humanitarian assistance mision
UN-CMCoord | "sim-cord"
27
OCHA
UN office for the oordination of humanitarian affairs
28
UN group responsible for coordinating humanitarian response to affected states
OCHA = UN Office for he Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
29
MCDA
Military & Civil Defense Assets
30
Oslo Guidelines
established 1994 increase effectiveness & efficiency when using MCDA in international disaster regions *guidelines on the use of foreign military & civil defense assets in disaster relief *provides for use of foreign MCDA
31
APC-MADRO
Asian-Pacific REgional Guidelines for the use of Foreign MIlitary Assets in Natural DIsaster REpnse OPerations
32
MADRO
Military Assets in Natural Disaster Response Operations
33
how does the Oslo Guideliens assist responders
assists responders by defining MCDA response criteria | *humanitarian relief is civilian led & direct assistance is produced by these responde
34
important thing to remember when we use a military response
military response is short-lvied and there needs to be an established transition/exit strategy early on to hand over disaster rliefto development actors with a longer-term presence
35
information sharing in disaster response
in disaster response, information needs to be coordinated & shared
36
3 W's key elements in humanatarian repnse
Who is responding waht are they oing where are they operating
37
problem of landmines
some countries de-mine for decades after the conflict
38
Joint Publication on FHA
JP-29: Foreign Humanitarian Assistnance
39
AJDRP
ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
40
ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
41
leadership input when military actors are involved in disaster response
military actors are not in charge when tehy involve themself in a humanitarian crisis *humanitarian actors will approach coordination w/military in ways that do not endanger their perceived impartiality, neutrality, independence so demonstrate willingness to be a team player helps
42
how to respect non-military humanitarians/orgs as a mlitary representative during a humanitarian crisis
recognize they need to uphold humanitarian principles (impartiality, neutrality, independence) so be a team player and recognize that working with you may cause them to [put themselves in danger or risk their reputation
43
The Sphere PRoject
sets standards for humanitaran reponse
44
2 core believes via teh Sphere PRoject
1. all those affected by a disaster or conflict have a right t life w/dignity and right to assistance 2. all possible steps shoudl be taken to relieve huan suffering caused by disaster or conflict
45
The Sphere Handbook
one of the most widely/internationally recognized tools for the delivery or quality humanitarian response
46
MOE
measure of effectiveness
47
what service does the military bring to disaster relief
logistics * infrastructure (powerloss/communicaitons/roads) * destroyed/congested airports and seaports * lack of stockpiles
48
animals s/p disasters
animals living close to people are a disease risk | some keep in their hosue
49
concept presented in The Sphere Handbook
based on the concept that people affected by disasters have rights
50
impacted the speed of aid s/p Haiti earthquake
the earthquake destoyed the airport an traffic control tower so that impacted the speed of aid
51
concept for the management of disaster logistics response
"push not pull" | -needs assessment/affected state critical needs identified to decide what will be pulled through the chain
52
how to coordinate logistical needs during a disaster
"push not pull" *start w/a needs assessment and prioritize the critical needs first as well as the needs that lead to other (roads/storage/communications...)
53
APOD
aerial port of debarkation
54
SPOD
seaport of deabrkation
55
basis of logistics
appropriate supplies in good working order/condition in quantities desired and the needs place/time * a system to prioritize critical items first * ability to store, stvoe...
56
RFA
request for assistance
57
OFDA
"off-tah" * US Office of Foreign Disaster RElief * often the LDA
58
procedure for using military support for civilian humaniatrain crisis
when fielding requests for logistical support, military responders must ask the right questions to ensure miltiary assets are beign used effectively and appropriately * so if receive a call for miltiary support, ask if the RFA (request for assistance) has been vetted throgh OFTA (Office of Foreign DIsaster Assistance) * requesters might not always be direct in how they ask for support and the military responder may have to dig deeper to understand why the request is beign made * Q: ask what their objective is rather than askign how the objective will be accomplished and what needs to be accoopmlished to better define the need (5W's) * provide viable alternatives * requestors might not udnerstand military capabilities
59
how does OFDA validate and track requests for military aid
MITAM "my-tahm" Mission Tasking Matrix *asks "what ist he objective of hte request" *5W's *shows how their needs can be met w/the proposed solution
60
Analysis of Infrastructure Vulnerability
* map transport/its capability/constraints on strategic routes for aid/humanitarian response * potential secondary effects of weather (road blocks by pop0ular movment/weather) * how newly made infraastructure/miodificantions may lead to limits (bridge weight/width)
61
Review of Strategic Resources
``` inventory revie the means of transport examine sites for operational logistics bases availability of spare parts/fuel supply seaport/airport viability and its staff explore nontraidtionary (tugs/barges/) ```
62
how to find a potential staging area
ask the affected state if they have a predetermined staging area
63
why should the affected state use its own emergency framework
the affected state shoudl establish a coordination within its national emergency framework * military should not create their own * they should plug into the primary one by establisgheing their own liaison
64
EOC
emergency operations center
65
who is responsible for collecting/analyzing/distributing information for logistical support in affected states
affected state's EOC (emergency operations center) is responsible for collecting/analyzing/distributing information for logistical support
66
DART
disaster assistance response team
67
HAST
humanitarian assistance survey team
68
UN Cluster Approach -11
``` camp management early recovery education emergency telecommunication food security heath |logistics Nutrition protection shelter water/sanitation/hygiene ```
69
LFA for the Global Cluster Logistics system
World Food Program
70
Why is the Wold Food Program so imporant
it is the lead agency of hte GLobal Custer Logistics system
71
why is the World Food Program the leading agency for the logistics cluster in the UN Cluster program
b/c of their experience in humanitarian logistics and field capacity, the INter-Agency STndign COmmittee chose them as the LFA of hte Logistics cluster
72
impact of the World Food Program
at any given time, they have 5K trucks, 92 planes, 20 ships delivering food
73
backbone of any sized task
logistics
74
concept of operations
CONOPS
75
when does the military provide assets for humanitarian reposne
as a last respont when no civilians can provide an equivalent service
76
OCHA
UN office for the coordination of of humanitarian affairs
77
POMI
Plans, Operations, and Medical INtellgience
78
why is planning an important step
planning is essential to decreasing unavoidable lag time between decision and action
79
what is the primary goal of planning
the primary goal of planning is not the developpment of elaborate plan - a more enduring goal is the development of a planner who can cope with the inevitable
80
MARO
mass atrocity respone operations
81
publication on MARO
JP 3-07: Peace Opeartions MARO: A MIlitary Plannign Handbook PRotection of Civilians MIlitary Reference guide
82
best way to get ground perspective
boots on the ground
83
legal definition of mass atrocity
no legal definition of mass atrocity or ethnic cleansing * generally systemic widespread * crimes considered: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, ethnic cleansing
84
what does security in a nation require
there is no security w/o development & no development w/o secucurity
85
intent to eliminate an ethnic nationality, racial, or religions gorup
genocide
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