Diseases

Question 1

acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

damage to glomerulus usually post strep infec
+ blood
+ protein
+WBC
micro: rbc, rbc casts, hyaline casts, granular casts, +- wbc

Question 2

pyelonephritis

Answer 2

kidney infec. post bacteria infec.
\+LE
\+ Nitrite
\+ Protein
\+- blood
micro: wbc casts, wbc, bacteria, rbc`

Question 3

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 3

circulatory disease post glomerulonephritis= tubular damage
4+ protein
+ blood
micro: fat, oval bodies, renal epis, all casts, rbc

Question 4

UTI

Answer 4

bacterial infection
\+- protein
\+LE
\+ nitrite
\+blood
micro: wbc, bacteria, rbc

Question 5

kidney stone

Answer 5

stone formation
4+ blood
Micro: rbc, crystals (calcium oxalate)

Question 6

yeast infection

Answer 6

infection from yeast
\+- protein
\+ LE
\+ blood
micro: wbc, rbc, yeast

Question 7

cystinuria

Answer 7

inability of renal tubules to reabsorb cystine
cystine crystals in urine
+ cyanide- nitroprusside test
renal calculi

Question 8

cystinosis

Answer 8

IEM, crystalline deposits in body
polyuria
aminoaciduria
\+ for reducing substances
lack of urinary concentration
may progress to renal failure

Question 9

homocystinuria

Answer 9

defect in metabolism of homocystine
\+ cyanide-nitroprusside test
\+silver nitroprusside test
failure to thrive
cataracts
mental retardation
thromboembolic problems
death

Question 10

diabetes insipidus

Answer 10

decrease in production/function of ADH
decrease SG
increase urine volume
normal glucose levels

Question 11

diabetes mellitus

Answer 11

defect in pancreatic production/function of insulin
increase SG
increase urine volume
Increase glucose level

Question 12

PKU

Answer 12

phenylketonuria
phenylalanine hydroxylase not produced
mousy smell to urine
if no dietary changes= damage to mental capabilities
Guthrie test: blood disks on culture w/ B. subtilis; increase in phenylalanine counteract B-2-thienylalanine and bacteria will grow

Question 13

alkoptonuria

Answer 13

homogentisic acid not produced

urine darkens with alkalinity

Question 14

MSUD

Answer 14

maple syrup urine disease
leucine, isoleucine, valine accumulation
urine smells like maple syrup
infants- failure to survive, sever mental disabilities
2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)- urine keto acids will produce a yellow ppt. when added

Question 15

tryptophan disorders

Answer 15

indicanuria (blue urine)

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

Question 16

blood, rbc, wbc, bacteria

Answer 16

UTI

Question 17

blood, rbc, crystals

Answer 17

kidney stones

Question 18

wbc, bacteria, rbcs +-

Answer 18

UTI

Question 19

wbc, yeast, +- rbc

Answer 19

yeast infection

Question 20

bacteria and no wbc

Answer 20

contamination

Question 21

many squamous epithelial cells

Answer 21

poorly collected sample

Question 22

many transitional epithelial cells

Answer 22

renal disease

Question 23

many renal epithelial cells

Answer 23

renal disease

Question 24

protein trace-1+, wbc, bacteria

Answer 24

UTI

Question 25

trace-1+ protein, hyaline casts

Answer 25

renal disease/ exercise/ fever

Question 26

protein 2+-4+

Answer 26

likely renal disease

Question 27

2-4+ protein, hyaline casts, granular casts

Answer 27

renal disease

Question 28

2-4+ protein, hyaline casts, granular casts. wbc casts, wbc, +- bacteria

Answer 28

acute pyelonephritis

Question 29

2-4+ protein, hyaline casts, granular casts, rbc casts, rbc, +- wbc

Answer 29

acute glomerulonephritis

Question 30

2-4+ protein, hyaline casts, granular casts, rbc casts, rbc, +- wbc, waxy casts, hgb casts, broad casts

Answer 30

chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 31

2-4+ protein, hyaline casts, granular casts, wbc casts, wbc, +- bacteria, waxy casts, broad casts

Answer 31

chronic pyelonephritis

Question 32

all casts- fatty casts, 2-4 + protein, rbc, wbc, oval fat bodies, +- free fat

Answer 32

nephrotic syndrome

Question 33

nephritic syndrom

Answer 33

hematuria hypertension possible proteinuria ex. glomerulonephrtitis

Question 34

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 34

significant proteinuria edema hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria ex. minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranouse glomerulonephropathy, lupis nephritis

Question 35

cystitis

Answer 35

UTI | wbc, bacteria, +- proteinuria (might see casts), hematuria, increased pH

Question 36

acute pyelonephritis

Answer 36

untreated UTI bacteria move up UT | increased wbc, bacteria, hematuria, +- wbc/bacterial casts

Question 37

acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 37

post infectious (strep most common) hematuria, rbc casts, proteinuria, wbcs transient GFR

Question 38

chronic glomerulonephritis

Answer 38

hematuria, rbc casts, proteinuria, wbcs, many casts- broad and waxy end stage renal disease

Question 39

Minimal change disease is a type of what disorder?

Answer 39

nephrotic syndrome

Question 40

glomerulonephritis is a type of what disorder?

Answer 40

nephritic syndrome

Question 41

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a type of what disorder?

Answer 41

nephrotic syndrome

Question 42

infantile polycystic kidney disease is what kind of disorder?

Answer 42

genetic

Question 43

+ bilirubin, normal urobilinogen is indicative of what?

Answer 43

gallstones or carcinoma

Question 44

+ bilirubin, + urobilinogen is indicative of what?

Answer 44

liver damage

Question 45

- bilirubin, + urobilinogen is indicative of what?

Answer 45

hemolytic disease