causes of aids
having unprotected sex
drug addicts sharing needles pr tattoos
babies inherit it through there mother (inter utero transmission)
drugs to control his are very expensive
babies get it from there mothers breast milk
lack of sex education
poor health care
some religions ban protected sex
culture which permits women to have more than one wife
people have weak immune systems due to malnutrition
war- soldiers come into towns and rape people of the town
effects of hiv/AIDS
- Many victims in poorer countries will die young.
- In Africa, many children have inherited HIV from their mother and will develop AIDS in later life
- Victims are ill for the rest of their life and cannot work so:
a. The government need to pay for sickness benefits.
b. People in rural areas may not be able to grow enough food and will starve.
c. The economy of the country will be badly affected as there will be a shortage of workers in offices and factories. - The government will need to pay for expensive drugs, health education programmes and testing programmes.
- There will be less money to treat other serious health problems such as Malaria.
- Children will need to look after their parents and their education will suffer.
- There are many AIDS orphans in Africa who have lost their parents and must be looked after by the government.
- With so much cost from AIDS, the government has little money to invest in developing the economy and improving living standards.
solutions to hiv/aids
improved sex education (eg posters)
provide free condoms like Somalia does
educate mothers about not breastfeeding if sick
drugs to prevent mothers passing HIV to kids(AZT)
provide free powdered milk for infected mothers
open centres to test people for aids
ARV drugs- slow down the effects of aids u=u
educated drug users about not sharing needles
causes of heart disease
Too much saturated fat
Raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), which builds up in arteries → can lead to atherosclerosis and heart disease. as fat creates plaque in arteries
- Poorer levels of health education = Lack of awareness of healthy living.
- Poverty can lead to stress which causes higher rates of smoking, drug use and alcohol abuse.
- Fatty foods are often cheaper than healthy food e.g. sausages are cheaper than steak.
- Too much sugar
Increases fat production in the body and raises triglycerides → linked to obesity and Type 2 diabetes, both of which damage the heart. - Lack of exercise
Leads to weight gain and lowers “good” cholesterol (HDL) → makes it easier for fatty deposits to build up in arteries. - Inherited from parents
Genetics can cause naturally high cholesterol or blood pressure → higher risk of coronary artery disease even with a normal lifestyle. - Smoking / drug abuse
Damages blood vessels, raises blood pressure, and reduces oxygen in blood → greatly increases risk of heart attacks. - Too much salt in diet
Raises blood pressure → puts strain on the heart and arteries, increasing risk of heart disease. - Too much unhealthy food + lack of exercise
Leads to high cholesterol, obesity, and poor circulation → all increase risk of heart disease over time.
effects of heart disease
most common cause of death in uk
- People who survive heart attacks are often left unwell and unable to work.
a. This can also lead to family poverty
b. Government need to pay for sickness benefits
c. Businesses may suffer due to long term absence of employees
deaths are sudden and premature killing people in 40s and 50s
sudden premature death of loved ones can lead to ptsd, anxiety etc
people who survive them are often left unwell meaning the cant work
treating the disease is complicated and expensive costing NHS millions of pounds
most common in men who are often the earners of the family, meaning family could go into poverty
Health inequality: Lower-income communities are often more affected due to limited access to healthy food, exercise spaces, and healthcare.
solutions to heart disease
encourage exercise
reduce smoking using poster/adverts
reduce alcohol intake (make it more expensive)
encourage healthy eating (tax sweets fizzing juice etc.)
encourage regular check ups( make people go to doctors more )
Health education in school
bypass surgery -repaires arteries
blocked arteries can be reduced with drugs called stents
drugs called statins can be used to reduce cholesterol
human causes of malaria
villages built near rivers
(above and below are both breeding grounds)
dams built to store water in dry climates
irrigation systems provide still water for mosquitoes
developing countries are too poor to afford healthcare for victims
poor sanitation in shanty towns provides breeding grounds for mosquitoes
lack of education about preventing disease
physical malaria causes
warm tropical temperatures 15-40 degrees C
areas of still water/ marshland
wet humid climate
areas of shade from the sun
effects of malaria
millions of people are affected in poor countries(nausea,sickness etc)
many people are too weak to work leading to industry and economy being affected
people cant work on farms meaning people would be malnourished due to lack of food.
families spend all their money trying to fight the disease which puts them in poverty
government has to pay for healthcare and sickness benefits so then they have less to spend on education and development
Adults end up with a long term illness which makes them weaker
solutions to malaria
provide posters adverts on how to prevent the disease
destroy breeding grounds by draining marshes and lakes
spread biodegradable vegetable oil or egg whites so larvae suffocate
introduce fish in areas of breeding grounds so framer get 2 birds with one stone
cover bare skin with clothing
do not live near areas of still water
sleep inside mosquito nets so that they cant get in
