Disgust

Question 1

How many types of pathogens are there?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

What are the 2 types of pathogens

Answer 2

Micro-parasites
- Bacteria, protozoa, viruses
Macro-parasites
- Arthropods

Question 3

What happens if we get an infection?

Answer 3

• Energy balance is disturbed
• The pathogen and the defence given against it both cause us damage
• By having one pathogen we become more susceptible to others

Question 4

How should we avoid diseases?

Answer 4

We should detect them, then an emotional and cognitive response should be triggered, which will hopefully facilitate the avoidance of pathogens

Question 5

How should non-humans avoid infections from macro-parasites?

Answer 5

• Foraging away from feces
• Grooming
• Fly repelling behaviours, tail swishing

Question 6

How should non-humans avoid infections from micro-parasites?

Answer 6

• Grooming to prevent getting it in first place

- Conditioned food aversions

Question 7

What is a macro-parasite?

Answer 7

Grow inside a host, but reproduce and infect outside of its host

Question 8

What is a micro-parasite?

Answer 8

Grows and then stays, reproduces & infects inside its host

Question 9

What is disgust unique to?

Answer 9

Humans

Question 10

How is disgust received/shown in other cultures?

Answer 10

• Disgust is shown similarly across different cultures/societies
• It is recognised cross cultures

Question 11

How many models of disgust are there?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

What are the three models of disgust?

Answer 12

• Pathogen disgust
• Sexual disgust
• Moral disgust

Question 13

What is pathogen disgust?

Answer 13

The avoidance of physical contact with sources of infectious disease

Question 14

What is moral disgust?

Answer 14

Strategically endorsing rules that coordinate moral disapproval

Question 15

What is sexual disgust?

Answer 15

Avoid sexual parents and behaviours that would jeopardise production

Question 16

What are some ways of measuring disgust?

Answer 16

• Scales and questionnaire
• Rating images
• Measuring disgust facial expressions

Question 17

What is an omnivore?

Answer 17

The eating of a wide variety of plants and animals

Question 18

Whats an advantage of being an omnivore?

Answer 18

It offers a wide variety of sources for nutrition

Question 19

What is a disadvantage of being an omnivore?

Answer 19

Greater change of ingesting harmful or poisonous substances

Question 20

What can disgust help do in relation to food?

Answer 20

Create an internal or automatic code for good or bad foods

Question 21

When do we develop disgust?

Answer 21

During the first 2 years of life

Question 22

What are the first 2 years of a child’s life sensitive towards and is hard to changer after?

Answer 22

Food preferences

Question 23

Describe a study that shows disgust arising much later than 2 years old.

Answer 23

Children didn’t reject drink dipped with an imitation poo or grasshopper until the age of 8

Question 24

Why don’t we engage in avoiding diseases all the time?

Answer 24

• Miss out on nutrition opportunities
• Miss out on social/mating opportunities
• Expend too much energy

Question 25

What do individuals who have been ill recently show more avoidance of?

Answer 25

Disfigured individuals

Question 26

The more vulnerable you are to disease the higher..

Answer 26

..your degree of disgust

Question 27

When women are on their 'cycle' what happens to their sights level?

Answer 27

Goes up quite dramatically

Question 28

Disgust disgust does what to the bodies immune response?

Answer 28

Increases

Question 29

Who are more disgust sensitive, men or women?

Answer 29

Women, especially in the sexual domain

Question 30

Why is sex riskier for women?

Answer 30

- They have a greater surface are of mucous membranes, which would lead to more trauma - 3x more likely to contract chlamydia

Question 31

Are women less disgusted if they are aroused?

Answer 31

- Women either watched exciting, boring or pornographic film - Found that sexually aroused subjects completed 85% of tasks - Non-sexually aroused competed 66% - Women are less disgusted if they are aroused

Question 32

If women are disgusted what happens to their arousal?

Answer 32

They are much less likely to be aroused

Question 33

What is moral dumfounding?

Answer 33

When people have moral convictions that they are kist incapable of justifying but they nevertheless continue to hold

Question 34

What are the effects of disgust on moral judgements?

Answer 34

- Disgust is associated with more severe moral decisions | - Having a smelly room increased harsh judgement against gay men