Distillation

Question 1

What is a mixture?

Answer 1

• Mixture of two or more substances
• Not chemically combined
• Can be seperated

Question 2

When is simple distillation used?

Answer 2

• Separate solutions

Question 3

What is the process of simple distillation?

Answer 3

• Solution heated
• Lower boiling point solution evaporates in condenser
• Cools, condenses and collected into a beaker
• Other solutions left in flask

Question 4

What solution can you separate with simple distillation?

Answer 4

• Saltwater

Question 5

What are the problems of simple distillation?

Answer 5

• Can only be used with solutions of very different boiling temperatures

Question 6

When is fraction distillation used?

Answer 6

• To separate mixed (miscible) liquids

Question 7

What is the process of fractional distillation?

Answer 7

• Flask with solution, with a fractional column on it, heated
• Solution with lower boiling point evaporates, passes through beads and condenses in condenser
• Solution with higher boiling point evaporates, rises, condenses and runs back down to the flask

Question 8

How does a fractional distillation column work?

Answer 8

• High temperature at bottom (higher boiling point cools here)
• Low temperature at top (lower boiling point cools here)