A separation technique is used to separate the components of a liquid solution, which depends upon the distribution of these various components between vapor and a liquid phase.
distillation
The separation of a liquid mixture of two or more substances of different boiling points is by the processes of partial vaporization and condensation
distillation
Distillation is based on the fact that the vapor of a boiling mixture will be richer in the components that have ————- boiling points.
lower
condensate contains more?
volatile component
—————–will contain more of the less volatile material.
original mixture
are designed to achieve this separation efficiently.
distillation columns
VARIOUS TYPES OF DISTILLATION (8)
Simple Distillation
Molecular Distillation
Vacuum Distillation
Batch Distillation
Continuous Distillation
Flash Distillation
Fractional Distillation
Azeotropic Distillation
Single Vaporization/Condensation cycle of a mixture that produces a distillate that is always impure
simple distillation
Relatively pure substances can be obtained from a
mixture with Simple Distillation if the boiling points of the components differ by a large amount (answer in temp.)
100 degrees celsius
if this type of distillation is repeated may times, attaining pure solution is possible.
simple distillation
A special application of the simple distillation and is known also as evaporative distillation or short path distillation.
molecular distillation
defined as the average distance through which a molecule can move without coming into collision with another.
mean free path
Separation can be achieved because of the difference of the mean free path of the different molecules.
molecular distillation
When the liquid mixture flows along the heating plate and is heated, light and heavy liquid molecules escape into the gas phase because of difference molecules after escaping from liquid surface.
molecular distillation
characteristics are Very high vacuum
Evaporating surface must be close to the condensing surface
The liquid area is large to avoid boiling and evolution of the vapors is from surface only. Application, purification of oils and separating of vitamins
molecular distillation
Distillation method whereby the pressure above the liquid mixture to be distilled is reduced to less than its vapor pressure (usually less than atmospheric pressure) causing evaporation of the most volatile liquid(s) (those with the lowest boiling points).
vacuum distillation
This distillation method works on the principle that boiling occurs when the vapor pressure of a liquid exceeds the ambient pressure.
vacuum distillation
a type of distillation which is used with or without heating the solution.
vacuum distillation
Temperature sensitive materials (such as beta carotene) require this type of distillation to remove solvents from the mixture without damaging the product.
vacuum distillation
a type of distillation is sometimes referred to as low temperature distillation.
This type of distillation is in use in the oil industry.
vacuum distillation
to the use of distillation in batches, meaning that a mixture is distilled to separate it into its component fractions before the distillation still is again charged with more mixture and the process is repeated.
batch distillation
This is in contrast with continuous distillation where the feedstock is added and the distillate drawn off without interruption.
batch distillation
a type of distillation has always been an important part of the production of seasonal, or low capacity and high-purity chemicals.
batch distillation
it is a very frequent separation process in the pharmaceutical industry and in wastewater treatment units.
batch distillation
