Distortion

Question 1

What happens when weld metal volume is reduced in a joint?

Improved rigidity
Reduced heat input and distortion
Higher risk of cracking
Increased residual stresses

Answer 1

Reduced heat input and distortion

Question 2

What is a potential drawback of excessive rigidity during welding?

Improved alignment
Reduced residual stresses
Increased residual stresses
Decreased joint strength

Answer 2

Increased residual stresses

Question 3

What is the purpose of presetting in distortion control?

Reducing weld strength requirements
Avoiding the use of clamps or fixtures
Compensating for angular distortion during welding
Increasing the rigidity of the joint

Answer 3

Compensating for angular distortion during welding

Question 4

Which condition describes a situation where a material cannot expand when heated but is free to contract when cooled? (Picture Question)

Restrained expansion and restrained contraction
Restrained expansion and free contraction
Free expansion, free contraction
Free expansion, restrained contraction

Answer 4

Restrained expansion and free contraction

Question 5

What term is used to describe a physical change in the shape of a welded assembly caused by welding or thermal cutting?

Residual stress
Plastic deformation
Distortion
Warpage

Answer 5

Distortion

Question 6

Which flame‑straightening heating pattern is shown in the image? (Picture Question)

Buckles
Block
Vee
Line
Spot

Answer 6

Block

Question 7

Select all that are considered controls for distortion

Form parts rather than welding
Allowing material to cool without restraint
Increasing the thickness of material for welding
Reducing the amount of parts

Answer 7

Form parts rather than welding
Increasing the thickness of material for welding
Reducing the amount of parts

Question 8

A joint made with a large number of small beads will have more angular distortion than one made with a few large passes.

True
False

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Select all types of distortion.

Buckling
Twisting
Transverse
Angular
Sectional
Longitudinal

Answer 9

Transverse
Angular
Longitudinal

Question 10

What are the two most common methods of correcting distortion?

Welding straightening
Hydraulic straightening
Flame straightening
Mechanical straightening

Answer 10

Flame straightening
Mechanical straightening

Question 11

Match the factor of influencing distortion to its corresponding definition.

A measure of how easily parts that are being welded can move.
Volume expands spreading out in all three dimensions.
Significant effect on how much distortion will occur when welded.

Restraint
Heat Input
Mechanical and Thermal properties of Metal

Answer 11

A measure of how easily parts that are being welded can move.
Restraint

Volume expands spreading out in all three dimensions.
Heat Input

Significant effect on how much distortion will occur when welded.
Mechanical and Thermal properties of Metal

Question 12

The below image is an example of what type of distortion. (Picture Question)

Transverse
Longitudinal
Angular

Answer 12

Longitudinal

Question 13

Which welding technique helps reduce angular distortion in a V-groove joint?

Increasing the included angle of the groove
Welding from both sides
None of the above
Increasing heat input

Answer 13

Welding from both sides

Question 14

Which type of distortion occurs when the length of the weld deposit contracts upon cooling, causing the workpiece to shorten?

Longitudinal distortion
Transverse distortion
Angular distortion
Rotational distortion

Answer 14

Longitudinal distortion

Question 15

Below is an image of a bowed beam. How would you remove the residual stress build up and remove the bow using weld?

Weld a bead on either end of the I-beam, quench the weld.
Weld a bead in the middle of the I-beam, quench the weld
Weld a bead in the middle of the I-beam, allowing to air cool
Weld a bead on either end of the I-beam, allowing to air cool

Answer 15

Weld a bead in the middle of the I-beam, allowing to air cool

Question 16

What type of residual stress forms in the heated area of a welded plate as it cools?

Tensile residual stress
Compressive residual stress
Shear stress
Neutral stress

Answer 16

Tensile residual stress

Question 17

Place the different types of steels in order based on their level of elasticity when loaded. (Picture Question)
200, 107, 100, 71, 45

Light

Aluminum
Bronze
Magnesium
Steel
Cast iron

Heavy

Answer 17

Light

Magnesium
Aluminum
Cast iron
Bronze
Steel

Heavy

Question 18

How can transverse shrinkage in a welded joint be minimized?

Weld only from one side
Design the joint with double grooves and smaller included angles
Increase the weld metal volume
Use a single V-groove joint

Answer 18

Design the joint with double grooves and smaller included angles

Question 19

What factor makes thicker materials less prone to distortion?

Lower yield strength
High modulus of elasticity
Higher thermal expansion
Greater mass providing restraint

Answer 19

Greater mass providing restraint

Question 20

What factors directly influences distortion during welding?

Welding rod diameter
weld passes
Arc length
Heat Input

Answer 20

Heat input

Question 21

Which process plastically deforms finished weld beads in order to relieve some of the residual stress?

Normalizing
Stress reliving
Peening

Answer 21

Peening

Question 22

Which property of a metal is defined as the amount of stress that must be applied for plastic deformation to begin?

Elastic limit
Yield strength
Ultimate tensile strength
Ductility

Answer 22

Yield strength

Question 23

Which type if distortion occurs when the metal contracts after welding and pulls the edges of the workpiece towards each other

Bending Distortion
Transverse distortion
Angular distortion

Answer 23

Transverse distortion

Question 24

Which tool is commonly used to secure
components during welding to prevent distortion?

Flame straighteners
Spot heaters
Strong backs or jigs

Answer 24

Strong backs or jigs

Question 25

Why is it important to maintain symmetry in welding sequences? To eliminate the need for tack welds To enhance the weld's appearance To increase the overall weld metal volume To Balance heat input and reduce uneven stresses

Answer 25

To Balance heat input and reduce uneven stresses