Classification of Diuretics (5)
- Osmotic diuretics
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
- Loop diuretics (high-ceiling diuretics)
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
Diuretics site of action (4)
- Proximal Convoluted Tubule
- Thin Ascending Loop of Henle
- Distal Convoluted Tubule
- Collecting Duct
Osmotic Diuretics
- are ___ _______ ______ compounds that are _____ filtered through the ______ ______ into the _____ ______ and are poorly reabsorbed
- ___ _______ metabolized. Eliminated in urine as _______
- Increase the ________ _______ ________ and thereby resulting in diuresis
- _______ the volume of urine and the excretion of _____ and almost all of the _______
- low molecular weight; freely, Bowman’s capsule, renal tubules
- Not extensively; unchanged
- intraluminal osmotic pressure
- increase; water, electrolytes
Osmotic Diuretics
are ________, _________ derivatives, sugars
Examples (3)
carbohydrates, carbohydrate
- Mannitol
- Sorbitol
- Isosorbide
Osmotic Diuretics - Mannitol
- Commonly used as an osmotic diuretic but is not commonly used for ________
- primarily used to decrease _________ ________ and ______ ________
- ____ oral absorption
- diuresis
- intracranial pressure and cerebral edema
- Poor, 20
- IV
- metabolized, parent compound
Osmotic Diuretics - ______________
- similar to Mannitol
Sorbitol
Osmotic Diuretics - Isosorbide
- Used orally with bioavailability > __%
- Causes a _______ in _______ pressure in _______ cases (has _______ properties)
- 80
- reduction, intraocular, glaucoma (ophthalmic)
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
inhibits ___________ _________, the enzyme responsible for converting ___ and ___ to H2CO3 (and vice versa), which leads to:
- Reduced ___ __________ –> ________ water reabsorption
- Lesser exchange of _______ ions for _____ ions
- carbonic anhydrase; CO2 + H2O
- Na+ reabsorption; reduced
- hydrogen, sodium
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Examples (2)
Adverse effects: May produce _________ _______
- Acetazolamide (Diamox)
- Methazolamide
systemic acidosis
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
MOA: \_\_\_\_; attacks CA in the \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_ Absorption: T1/2: Duration: Excreted \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: \_\_\_\_\_ (major) Used in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
MOA: CAI; kidney and eye Oral Abs: >90 % t1/2: 6-9 h Duration: 8-12 h unchanged: Urine glaucoma
Methazolamide
More ________ and greater penetration into the ocular fluid than ___________
- Used in ________
- t1/2:
- Duration:
lipophilic; acetazolamide
- Used in ________
- ~14 h
- 10-18 h (due to lipophilicity)
Name this figure and diuretic classification:
Mannitol
Name this figure and diuretic classification:
Sorbitol
Name this figure and diuretic classification:
Isosorbide
Name this figure and diuretic classification:
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
Name this figure and diuretic classification:
Methazolamide
Thiazide and Thiazide-like Diuretics
- Site of action:
- Inhibit reabsorption of ___ and ___ ions (aka ________)
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Na+ and Cl-; saluretics
Thiazide and Thiazide-like Diuretics
SAR:
- ______ acidic
- __________ is the simplest member of this series
- Forms a _____-soluble _____ ____ because of acidic protons
- Salts are used for _________ administration
- Weakly
- Chlorothiazide
- water-; sodium salt
- intravenous
Thiazide and Thiazide-like Diuretics
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