DIY Study Guide

Question 1

boundary

Answer 1

separates a system from other systems and from the rest of the universe

Question 2

closed system

Answer 2

can exchange energy but not mass

Question 3

input

Answer 3

something that goes into the system

Question 4

isolated system

Answer 4

allows no transfer of energy or mass

Question 5

open system

Answer 5

can exchange mass and energy

Question 6

output

Answer 6

something that comes out of the system

Question 7

surrounding

Answer 7

the rest of the universe outside of the system

Question 8

system

Answer 8

the part of the universe on which you focus your attention, or simply put, a system is any object (or objects) that we are studying

Question 9

thermochemistry

Answer 9

The study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and during changes of state

Question 10

heat

Answer 10

energy that is transferred from one object to another because of a difference in temperature between them

Question 11

temperature

Answer 11

a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in matter

Question 12

chemical reactions

Answer 12

a process in which one or more substances are converted to one or more different substances

Question 13

chemical bonds

Answer 13

any of the interactions that account for the association of atoms into molecules, ion, crystals, and other species

Question 14

conduction

Answer 14

the transfer of kinetic energy from one molecule to another by molecular collision

Question 15

convection

Answer 15

a process by which heat is transferred by movement of a heated fluid such as air or water

Question 16

convection cells

Answer 16

a circulating pattern of moving energy

Question 17

electromagnetic waves

Answer 17

these are produced when an electrical field comes in contact with a magnetic field

Question 18

kinetic energy

Answer 18

energy an object possesses due to its motion

Question 19

radiation

Answer 19

energy transferred by electromagnetic waves (or photons)

Question 20

alloys

Answer 20

a metallic substance composed of two or more elements

Question 21

mixtures

Answer 21

a mixture contains two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Question 22

nitinol

Answer 22

is a nickel-titanium alloy with a typical ratio of 40-50% nickel and 50-60% titanium known as a shape memory alloy

Question 23

shape memory alloys

Answer 23

a unique class of alloys that have the ability to remember their shape and can return to that shape even after being bent

Question 24

transition metals

Answer 24

a transition metal is a chemical element in the d-block of the periodic table, though the elements of group 12 are sometimes excluded

Question 25

chemical energy

Answer 25

energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds

Question 26

energy

Answer 26

the ability to do work or produce change

Question 27

fuel

Answer 27

any compound that has stored energy

Question 28

non-renewable resources

Answer 28

resources that are used faster than they can be replaced so the supply is limited

Question 29

renewable resources

Answer 29

resources that are replaced as quickly as they are used

Question 30

continental crust

Answer 30

is composed of silica-rich rocks and is an average of 44 miles thick

Question 30

conduction

Answer 30

the transfer of kinetic energy from one molecule to another by molecular collision

Question 31

core

Answer 31

the innermost part of the earth is the core and is about 1500 miles thick. Both the inner and outer core consist primarily of iron and nickel

Question 32

crust

Answer 32

the outermost solid shell of a planet

Question 33

lithosphere

Answer 33

is the solid, outer part of the earth. the lithosphere incudes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of earths structure. it is bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere (another part of the upper mantle) below.

Question 34

mafic

Answer 34

A group of usually dark-colored minerals rich in magnesium and iron.