Dizziness

Question 1

three symptoms to differentiate the cause between

Answer 1

cardiac
neurological
vestibular

Question 2

presentation of dizziness due to a cardiac problem

Answer 2

light-headed
syncope
palpitations

Question 3

presentation of dizziness due to a neurological problem

Answer 3

blackouts
visual disturbance
paraesthesia
weakness
speech
swallow

Question 4

presentation of dizziness due to a vestibular problem

Answer 4

vertigo

sense of motion e.g. spinning, falling, being pushed

Question 5

examination

Answer 5

otoscopy
neurological
BP standing/lying
balance system
audiometry

Question 6

common causes of dizziness

Answer 6

postural dizziness

side effects of medication

Question 7

what does a vertical nystagmus or a nystagmus that changes direction indicate?

Answer 7

central lesion on the brain rather than a problem with the vestibular-ocular reflex

Question 8

describe the vestibular ocular reflex

Answer 8

this stabilises gaze

eye movement opposite direction to head movement