DLA 22 + lecture 28

Question 1

What are the permanent residents of the connective tissue?

Answer 1

1. fibroblasts
2. adipose tissue
3. macrophages / monocytes
4. mast cells
5. mesenchymal stem cells

Question 2

What are the transient cell population of the CT?

Answer 2

1. lymphocytes
2. plasma cells
3. eosinophils
4. basophils
5. neutrophils

Question 3

explain fibroblasts?

Answer 3

they are the most common cell in connective tissue

synthesize fibers and ground substance

spindle-shaped

Question 4

What are myofibroblasts?

Answer 4

wound healing

presence of contractile filaments

Question 5

explain adipocytes?

Answer 5

signet ring cell

large fat inclusion

rich blood supply

Question 6

What is an unilocular adipocyte?

Answer 6

One large fat droplet- white fat

Question 7

What is an Multilocular Adipocyte?

Answer 7

considered brown fat

Question 8

What is multilocular adipocytes characterized by?

Answer 8

1. many lipid droplets
2. central nucleus
3. rich in mito
4. highly vascular
5. rich in innervation
6. lipochrome pigments
7. heat production

Question 9

Where is brown fat found?

Answer 9

body neck and abdomen of neonates

Question 10

What are macrophages derived from?

Answer 10

monocytes

they migrate to CT to differentiate

Question 11

Macrophages in CT?

Answer 11

liver - Kupffer cells

brain - microglia

bone - osteoclasts

Question 12

properties of macrophages?

Answer 12

1. irregular cell membrane
2. have pseudopodia
3. phagocytic; produce cytokines
4. antigen presenting cells

Question 13

Explain mast cells?

Answer 13

they originate in the bone marrow from precursor cells

they proliferate in the lamina propria of CT

mast cells and basophils come from the same progenitor cells

Question 14

Explain lymphocytes?

Answer 14

small and spherical
condensed basophilic nucleus

immune cells - B and T

B cells develop into plasma cells

Question 15

Explain plasma cells?

Answer 15

come from B lymphocytes

secretes single class of IG

basophilic cytoplasm

clock-face nucleus

negative golgi

Question 16

eosinophils?

Answer 16

red granules in the cytoplasm
condensed, bilobed nucleus
phagocytosis of antibody

kills parasitic worms

Question 17

What are the classifications of connective tissue?

Answer 17

1. embryonic connective tissue
2. CT proper
3. specialized CT

Question 18

What is the embryonic connective tissue

Answer 18

mesenchyme- mucous connective tissue

Question 19

What are the types of CT proper?

Answer 19

loose connective tissue (areolar) and dense connective tissue

Question 20

What are the subsections of dense connective tissue?

Answer 20

regular and irregular

Question 21

What are the specialized connective tissue?

Answer 21

1. cartilage
2. bone
3. adipose tissue
4. blood
5. hemopoietic tissue
6. lymphatic tissue

Question 22

What are the components of connective tissue?

Answer 22

cells

fibers and ground substance in the ECM

Question 23

Why is CT important?

Answer 23

1. support (stroma- supporting structures)
2. repair
3. Defense (immune function)
4. Nutrition (storage and transport)

Question 24

What are the characteristics of mesenchyme?

Answer 24

a lot of ground substance

cells have a tapered spindle appearance

sparsely arranged reticular fibers

Question 25

characteristics of mucous CT?

Answer 25

ground substance is a gelatinous consistency few cells and fibers mainly ground substance

Question 26

Where is mucous CT found?

Answer 26

umbilical card (Wharton's jelly)

Question 27

features of LCT?

Answer 27

large number of cells compared to fibers rich blood supply found below most epithelial linings

Question 28

features of Dense irregular CT?

Answer 28

fewer cells, more fibers no orientation of fibers usually organ capsules, dermis, periosteum

Question 29

features of dense regular CT?

Answer 29

specific orientation of fibers imparts tensile strength found in: tendons and ligaments

Question 30

components of dense regular CT?

Answer 30

fibroblasts and type 1 collagen fibers

Question 31

what is the structure of a tendon?

Answer 31

epitendineum- covering the whole tendon peritendineum - surrounds a group of fascicles endotendineum- covering around a group of fibers

Question 32

components of reticular CT?

Answer 32

fibroblasts reticular fibers

Question 33

function of reticular CT?

Answer 33

forms a framework for tissues thin branching fibers Ex: liver, lymph nodes

Question 34

features of elastic connective tissue?

Answer 34

elastic fibers (yellow) they are connected by desmosine and isodesmosine

Question 35

adipose CT?

Answer 35

cells nucleus is pushed to the periphery one big fat droplet used for storage

Question 36

Brown adipose CT?

Answer 36

smaller central nucleus heat conduction more common in babies

Question 37

What is a hypertrophic scar?

Answer 37

Scar when more raised than normal, but within original wound boundary (fibrosis)

Question 38

what is a keloid scar?

Answer 38

the scar is surrounding into surrounding tissue (keloid)

Question 39

What leads to fibrosis and keloids?

Answer 39

increased collagen production

Question 40

What occurs due to a vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 40

scurvy due to the decreased production of collagen due to the lack of vitamin C

Question 41

What is anaphylactic shock?

Answer 41

increased mast cell release of histamine

Question 42

What is edema?

Answer 42

swelling due to increased tissue fluid