how is normal blood glucose in healthy individuals regulated?
with insulin and glucagon
- disorder of hyperglycemia resulting in defects from insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
- leads to abnormalities in carb, fat and protein metabolism
diabetes mellitus
what pancreatic cells produce glucagon?
alpha cells
what pancreatic cells produce insulin?
beta cells
what is the primary function of glucagon?
to decrease glucose oxidation, and to increase blood glucose levels
what pancreatic cells produce somatostatin?
delta cells
what are the 4 kinds of diabetes?
type I
type II
gestational
other speicifc types (ie. insipidus?)
what is the primary function of insulin?
-facilitates the movement of glucose across cell membranes into cells, thus decreasing blood glucose levels
how is insulin release regulated?
by blood glucose - it increases when blood glucose increases
what is thought to be the primary function of somatostatin?
a neurotransmitter (?) that inhibits the production of both glucagon and insulin
which organs do NOT require insulin for glucose uptake into their cells?
- brain
- liver
- intestines
- renal tubules
type of DM:
- result of destruction of beta cells from the islets of Langerhans in pancrease
- total deficit of circulating insulin
type I diabetes
what are the classic manifestations of type I DM?
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
- weight loss
- malaise
- fatigue
type of DM:
- results from insulin resistance with a defect in compensatory insulin secretion
- forces the pancreas to work harder
- nonketotic form
type II diabetes
-insulin that is produced by ones own body
endogenous insulin
what are the manifestations of type II DM?
- hyperglycemia
- polyuria
- polydipsia
