DNA

Question 1

what is DNA?

Answer 1

Genetic information, sugar phosphate backbone with nucleic acid base

Question 2

what are the 4 nucleic acid bases?

Answer 2

thymine, adonine, cytosine and guanine

Question 3

What are the possible pairs the bases make with each other?

Answer 3

A-T AND G-C

Question 4

How to DNA replication?

Answer 4

seperate strands –> dna polymerase uses each strand as a template to add a complementary strand
DNA–>RNA–>PROTEIN–>TRAIT

Question 5

what is RNA

Answer 5

ribonucleic acid = single stranded and has uracil instead of thymine

Question 6

What is mRNA and what does it do?

Answer 6

carries protein blueprint from DNA to Ribosomes

Question 7

tRNA what does it do?

Answer 7

carries amino acids to ribosomes

Question 8

rRNA what does it do?

Answer 8

makes certain ribosomes

Question 9

are molecules in the dna anti-paralel? meaning they grow in different directions

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

what is transcription?

Answer 10

copying a DNA sequence into RNA

Question 11

what are the 3 steps for transcription?

Answer 11

Initiation; RNA binds to DNA and seperates strands
Elongation; RNA polymerase gets nucleids that is complementary to the DNA
Termination; RNA polymerase is released from DNA and DNA is double stranded again

Question 12

What is translation?

Answer 12

using RNA sequence to create ribosomes

Question 13

What are the translation steps?

Answer 13

initiation: the small and large ribosomal subunit form a ribosome around tRNA with an amino acid on the start codon
elongation; next three bases form a codon, tRNA comes in with the anticodon to fit
termination; ribosomes expose a stop codon and amino acids fall of the chain

Question 14

What is mutation?

Answer 14

any change in the DNA

Question 15

substitution mutation?

Answer 15

base is substituted to another

Question 16

insertion mutation?

Answer 16

base is inserted onto the chain

Question 17

deletion mutation?

Answer 17

base is taken out of the chain

Question 18

what is a mutagen?

Answer 18

something that causes mutation

Question 19

can mutations be errors in the replication?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what is gene regulation?

Answer 20

control of transcription

Question 21

what is negative and positive control?

Answer 21

negative=something gets removed to allow transcription
positive=something gets added to allow transcription