What is the structure of DNA both eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells?
- A sugar phosphate backbone with bases bound to the sugar
What are the base pairings?
Adenine to Thymine
Guanine to Cytosine
Where does replication take place in Eukaryotic cells?
Translation and transcription both take place at the ribosomal site.
Describe translation in eukaryotic cells
- The process of forming a protein at a ribosomal site from information contained in mRNA
Describe transcription in Eukaryotic cells
- The process of constructing a mRNA using a DNA molecule as a template
- Resulting in the transfer of genetic material.
Which direction does replication occur?
- Replication occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction
Why does replication occur faster in prokaryotic cells?
- in prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation occur simultaneously
What causes the double helix to separate in replication?
DNA Helicase
What is it called when the double helix separates into 2 template strands?
Replication fork
What is meant by the leading strand?
- The strand is synthesised continuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction
What is meant by the lagging strand?
- The strand is synthesised in short fragments
What are Okasaki Fragments?
- The short segments of the lagging strand
What does DNA Polymerase do?
Elongates Okasaki fragments
What does DNA Ligase do?
Joins the Okasaki fragments together
What is meant by the term Semiconservative?
- That half of the genome is taken from each parent
What is meant by the term bi-directional
That replication occurs in both directions
How many origins of replication are there in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
- Prokaryotic = 1
- Eukaryotic = many
What does nuclease do?
- Cuts nucleic acid into smaller fragments
