What did Griffith discover?
Griffith discovered that some genetic substance could transform from one bacteria to another. He figured this out by conducting the pneumonia bacteria experiment.
What did Avery discover?
Avery discovered/determined that nucleic acid was being transformed into another cell.
What did Hershey and Chase discover?
They discovered that it intact was nucleic acid being transferred. They discovered this by using radioactive tracking to follow proteins and DNA through an infection process.
What did Chargaff discover?
Chargaff discovered that the Chargaffs rule, meaning that,
A=C
C=G
What did James Watson and Francis Crick discover?
They discovered the shape of DNA was a twisted ladder like shape. They found this out by the help of Franklin.
How did Franklin help James Watson and Francis Crick?
She helped them by taking a picture of DNA by using X ray photography. Sadly she did not get credit because her photo was stolen from her.
In what phase of cell devision is DNA copied?
DNA is copied in the “S” phase of interphase.
Why does DNA need to be copied?
DNA needs to be copied because it can repair old or damaged DNA strands, it also needs to be copied when a cell is deciding.
I’m what direction must DNA be copied?
It must be copied in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
What does Helicase do in DNA replication?
Helicase unzips the DNA creating the two separate strands.
What are the two separate strands of DNA called?
The two spectate strands of DNA are called the leading strand (replicated in direction of unzipping) and the lagging strand (replicated in the opposite direction of unzipping)
What do Single Stranded Binding proteins do in DNA replication?
Single stranded binding proteins hold the DNA strands open, and prevents the two stands from connecting.
What does DNA primase do in DNA replication?
DNA primase sets a RNA primer starting point.
What does DNA polymerase 1 do in DNA replication?
DNA polymerase 1 binds to the primer starting point and builds the DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
What does DNA polymerase 3 do in DNA replication?
DNA polymerase 3 removes the primers and replaces the RNA with DNA.
What does Ligase do in DNA replication?
Ligase glues the Okazaki fragments together to make a continuous strand on DNA.
What is an Okazaki fragments?
An Okazaki fragments are fragments of DNA that are made in the lagging strand of DNA.
Why does the lagging strand have Okazaki fragments?
The lagging strand is build going the other direction from the unzipping so there is many different RNA primer starting points and the DNA polymerase 1 needs to keep moving, that is why there is different fragments on the new DNA strand
