Domain 8: Programming Concepts

Question 1

Programming language instructions that are written in text must be translated into machine code before execution by the CPU

Answer 1

Source Code

Question 2

Source code functions that can be called from classes other than the classes to which they belong

Answer 2

Private functions

Question 3

Uses programs to assist in the creation and maintenance of other computer programs

Answer 3

Computer-aided software engineering (CASE)

Question 4

• Type of Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) software
• Supports only specific task in the software-production process

Answer 4

Tools

Question 5

• Type of Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) software
• Supports one or a few software process activities by integrating several tools in a single application

Answer 5

Workbenches

Question 6

Type of Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) software

Support all or at least part of the software-production process with a collection of Tools and workbenches

Answer 6

Environments

Question 7

A software development sequential model in which each phase is followed by the next phase

Answer 7

Waterfall Model

Question 8

Similar to waterfall method but each phase overlaps

Answer 8

Sashimi Model

Question 9

• Iterative and incremental process, rather than the linear process is found in other software development models
• Breaks up work into smaller units allowing work to be done more quickly with less upfront planning

Answer 9

Agile

Question 10

• Agile development method
• Framework for product development that provides teams a means to establish a hypothesis of how they think something works , try it out, reflect on the experience, and make appropriate adjustments

Answer 10

Scrum

Question 11

• Agile development method
• Programmers work in teams
• Relies on constant communication with customers and fellow programmers

Answer 11

XP (Extreme Programming)

Question 12

Uses linear development concepts but adds an interactive process that revisits four phases multiple times during the development life cycle to gather more detailed requirements

Answer 12

Spiral

Question 13

• Functional components of the code being developed in parallel and then integrated to produce the finishing product
• No planning phase; instead planning is done as a software is written

Answer 13

Rapid application Development (RAD)

Question 14

Customer facing group that focuses on the entire lifecycle of a project

Answer 14

Integrated product team (IPT)

Question 15

Allows an application to communicate with another web application, database, network, etc.

Answer 15

Application Programming Interface (API)

Question 16

• Failure state implemented into a program
• Puts system into a high level of security until admin can diagnose the problem and restore the system to normal operation
• i.e. Blue Screen of Death in Windows OS

Answer 16

Fail-secure failure state

Question 17

• Failure state implemented into a program

- Allows users to bypass failed security controls

Answer 17

Fail-open state

Question 18

Provides a graphical illustration of a schedule that helps to plan, coordinate, and track specific tasks in a project

Answer 18

Gantt Charts

Question 19

Project scheduling tool used to judge the size of a software product in development and calculate the standard deviation (SD) for risk assessment

Answer 19

Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)

Question 20

• Software change management process

- Allows users to request modifications, managers can conduct cost/benefit analysis, and developers can prioritize tasks

Answer 20

Request Control

Question 21

• Software change management process
• Used by developers to recreate the situation encountered by the user and analyze the appropriate changes to remedy the situation

Answer 21

Change control

Question 22

• Software change management process
• Code is double checked and any code inserted as an programming aid during the change process (i.e. debugging code back doors) is removed before being pushed into production

Answer 22

Release control

Question 23

What is the purpose of Configuration Management?

Answer 23

Process used to control the version(s) of software used throughout an organization and to formally track and control changes to the software configuration

Question 24

• Configuration Management component

- Admins document the configuration of covered software products throughout the organization

Answer 24

Configuration Identification

Question 25

- Configuration Management component | - Changes to software versions are made in accordance with the change control and configuration management policies

Answer 25

Configuration Control

Question 26

- Configuration Management component | - Formalized procedure used to keep track of all authorized changes that take place

Answer 26

Configuration Status Accounting

Question 27

- Configuration Management component - Conducted to ensure that the actual production environment is consistent with the accounting records and that no authorized configuration changes have taken place

Answer 27

Configuration Audit

Question 28

- Software testing method - Examines the internal logical structures of a program and steps through the code line by line, analyzing the program for potential errors

Answer 28

White-Box Testing

Question 29

- Software testing method - Examines the program from a user perspective by providing a wide variety of input scenarios and inspecting the output - Testers do not have access to the internal source code

Answer 29

Black-Box Testing

Question 30

- Software testing method - Examines the software from a user perspective - Testers have access to the internal source code - Testers do not analyze the inner workings of the program during their testing

Answer 30

Gray-Box Testing

Question 31

Accumulated knowledge base from experts on a particular subject used to make future decisions using a series of “if/then” statements

Answer 31

Expert Systems

Question 32

- Expert Systems Component | - Collection of hundred or thousands of expert assertions

Answer 32

Knowledge base

Question 33

- Expert Systems Component | - Analyzes info in the database to arrive at the appropriate decision

Answer 33

Inference engine

Question 34

Algorithmically analyzes and learn directly from data, developing and updating models of activity

Answer 34

Machine Learning

Question 35

- Machine Learning Category | - Dataset contains the correct answers allowing the algorithm to develop a model that can be applied to in future cases

Answer 35

Supervised learning

Question 36

- Machine Learning Category | - Dataset does not contain the correct answers instead the algorithm is asked to develop a model independently

Answer 36

Unsupervised learning

Question 37

Chains of computational units are used in an attempt to imitate the biological reading process of the human mind

Answer 37

Neural networks