Dosage forms

Question 1

Name as many delivery routes as your can..

Answer 1

-Ocular (eye)
-Nasal (nose)
-Pulmonary
-Insta-muscular
-Intra-dermal/Topical/Transdermal
-Oral/Buccal/Sublingual
-Aural
-Intra-arterial
-Intra-venous
-Rectal

Question 2

What are the 3 oral dosage forms?

Answer 2

1. Solutions
2. Suspensions
3. Emulsions

Question 3

Solutions..

Answer 3

• Drug and other excipients are completely dissolved as molecular dispersion, in a liquid

Question 4

Suspensions

Answer 4

-Drug and other excipients remain as solid particles dispersed in the “vehicle” (usually to thicken)

Question 5

Emulsions..

Answer 5

Dispersions of at least twi immiscible or partially miscible liquids (oils, supplements)

Question 6

Examples of Rectal and Vaginal Dosage Forms

Answer 6

1. Suppositories
2. Enemas
3. Foams
4. Pessaries
5. Vaginal creams and gels

Question 7

Suppositories

Answer 7

• Drug is incorporated into water-soluble/dispersible base or a base which melts at body temperature
• Once inserted the drug will be released to exert a local or systemic effect

Question 8

Which phase is foam?

Answer 8

Two-phase system
(administered from a pressurised container/ Drug dissolved in the liquid phase)

Question 9

Topical and Transdermal dosage forms examples

Answer 9

1. Creams
2. Ointments
3. gels
   4.Pastes/ Sprays/ Lotions/ Foams
4. Transdermal therapeutic systems (patches - applied to skin for systemic effect)

Question 10

Creams…

Answer 10

-Semi-solid emulsion preparations usually applied topically to skin (may contain “base” for therapeutic effect)

Question 11

Ointments…

Answer 11

• Single-phase semi-solid in which drug can be dispersed
• good emollient properties

Question 12

Gels

Answer 12

Single-phase semi solid preperations, usually aqueous in nature

Question 13

Parental Dosage forms

Answer 13

1. Injections
2. Infusions

Question 14

Parental dosage form - benefits + administration

Answer 14

• Source of calories/ nutrients + hydration
• Administered via hollow metal needle

Question 15

Injections..

Answer 15

-sterile liquid
-injected from a vial, ampoule or pre-filled syringe
-typically IV, IM or SC
-can utilise a syringe driver (or pump)

Question 16

Infusions

Answer 16

-delivery of larger volumes IV
-source of calories, nutrients and hydration

Question 17

Pulmonary Drug Delivery systems

Answer 17

1. Inhalers
2. Nebulisers
3. Electronic cigarettes

Question 18

Inhalers

Answer 18

-large variety
-drugs delivered for local effect

Question 19

Nebulisers..

Answer 19

• convert liquids to aerosols
  -useful for delivering larger doses of drug

Question 20

Electronic cigarettes

Answer 20

• get other drugs into the body

Question 20

Electronic cigarettes

Answer 20

• get other drugs into the body

Question 21

Ocular - eyes

Answer 21

-Need to be sterile, aqueos, correct pH to avoid stinging in eye

Question 22

Sublingual - under touge

Answer 22

• can be administered to be tablet or spray
  -softer than tablet for quicker dissolvent in mouth