What is Addison’s Disease also known as?
Primary adrenocortical deficiency
Addison’s Disease is characterized by insufficient production of hormones by the adrenal glands.
What type of anemia is associated with Addisonian Anemia?
Pernicious anemia
This condition is linked to antibodies against intrinsic factor or parietal cells, leading to decreased Vitamin B12 and megaloblastic anemia.
What are the components of Albright’s Syndrome?
- Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
- Precocious puberty
- Café au lait spots
- Short stature
This syndrome is particularly noted in young girls.
What is the main characteristic of Alport’s Syndrome?
Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
Alport’s Syndrome affects the kidneys and hearing.
What type of dementia is referred to as Alzheimer’s?
Progressive dementia
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss.
What does the Argyll-Robertson Pupil indicate?
- Loss of light reflex constriction
- Accommodates but does not react
- Pathognomonic for 3° Syphilis
This condition is associated with lesions in the pretectal region of the superior colliculus.
What is the Arnold-Chiari Malformation?
Cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum
This malformation can be associated with thoracolumbar meningomyelocele.
What is Barrett’s Esophagus?
Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus
This condition increases the risk of adenocarcinoma and is often due to constant gastroesophageal reflux.
What is a key feature of Bartter’s Syndrome?
Hyperreninemia
This syndrome is characterized by renal tubular dysfunction leading to electrolyte imbalances.
What distinguishes Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy from Duchenne’s?
Similar to Duchenne, but less severe
The mutation in Becker’s is not a complete deficiency in dystrophin protein.
What is Bell’s Palsy?
CN VII palsy affecting the entire face
Unlike UMN lesions, which only affect the lower face, Bell’s Palsy affects all facial muscles.
What is Berger’s Disease also known as?
IgA nephropathy
This condition often causes hematuria in children, usually following an infection.
What is the defect in Bernard-Soulier Disease?
Defect in platelet adhesion
This condition is characterized by abnormally large platelets and a lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein.
What is a Berry Aneurysm associated with?
Circle of Willis and subarachnoid bleed
Often associated with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD).
What is Bowen’s Disease?
Carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis
This condition increases the risk of visceral cancer.
What does Brill-Zinsser Disease refer to?
Recurrences of rickettsia prowazaki up to 50 years later
This disease is a reactivation of typhus.
What is Briquet’s Syndrome characterized by?
Somatization disorder
This psychological condition involves multiple physical complaints without physical pathology.
What is Broca’s Aphasia?
Motor aphasia with intact comprehension
This condition is associated with damage to Broca’s area (areas 44 & 45).
What does Brown-Sequard Syndrome result from?
Hemisection of the cord
This leads to contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation and ipsilateral loss of fine touch and proprioception.
What is Bruton’s Disease also known as?
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
This condition results in decreased B cells.
What is Budd-Chiari Syndrome characterized by?
Post-hepatic venous thrombosis
Symptoms include abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, ascites, portal hypertension, and liver failure.
What is Buerger’s Disease?
Acute inflammation of medium and small arteries of extremities
This condition leads to painful ischemia and gangrene, seen almost exclusively in young and middle-aged men who smoke.
What is the hallmark of Burkitt’s Lymphoma?
Small non-cleaved cell lymphoma associated with EBV
Characterized by an 8:14 translocation and commonly seen in jaws, abdomen, and retroperitoneal soft tissues.
What is Caisson Disease caused by?
Nitric gas emboli
This condition is associated with decompression sickness.
