Pharmacy Technician > Drug Classification > Flashcards

Drug Classification Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Therapeutic Classes

A
  • Broad catagories based on therapeutic intent
  • Each broad Therapeutic Class involved several Pharmacologic classes
    • Ex. The borad Therapeutic Class antihypertensives includes 13 pharmacologic classes
  • Drugs grouped by Therapeutic Class work in very different ways
    • They are NOT chemically similar
    • They have DIFFERENT mechanisms of action
  • Therapeutic Class is useful when speaking of drugs in a general way
    • “You will need an antihypertensive medication”
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2
Q

Analgesics

A
  • Drugs that control pain
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3
Q

Anesthetics

A
  • drugs that cause reversable loss of sensation of pain or reversable loss of consciousness
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4
Q

Antihistamines

A
  • drugs that control or treat allergies
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5
Q

Anti-infectives

A
  • drugs that combat infestions such as antibiotics
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6
Q

Antineoplastic agents

A
  • drugs that are used to treat cancer
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7
Q

Anti-emetics

A
  • drugs that stop vomiting
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8
Q

Autonomic Drugs

A
  • agents that stimulate or supress the ANS
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9
Q

Blood Derivatives

A
  • specific process blood components such as:
    • red blood cells
    • plasma
    • platelets
  • most blood products contain blood derivatives
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10
Q

Blood Formation, Coagulation, and Thrombosis Agents

A
  • drug products that alter coagulation and platelet adhesion
    • commonly called “blood thinners”
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11
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs

A
  • agents that influence the actions of the heart and health of the circulatory system
    • antihypertensives
    • anticholesterolemics
      • 2 pharmacologic classes that belong in this therapeutic class
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12
Q

Central Nervous System Agents

A
  • drugs that act on the brain to:
    • dull pain
    • cause weight loss
    • reduce convulsions
    • stop vomiting
    • relieve anxiety
    • cause sleep
    • stimulate attention
    • relax muscles
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13
Q

Contraceptives

A
  • (foams, devices)
  • pregnancy prevention
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14
Q

Dental Agents

A
  • drugs that act locally in the mouth to numb dental pain or teething problems
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15
Q

Diagnostic Agents

A
  • drugs used to confirm or indicate a specific medical diagnosis
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16
Q

Electrolytic, Caloric, and Water Balance Agents

A
  • Parenteral agents or medications not administered through the GI tract
  • returns a patients electrolytes to normal values
  • glucose IV may be given to increase the sugar content of blood
  • Saline solution for adequate hydration
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17
Q

Enzymes

A
  • usually digestive enzymes needed for the proper digestion of fats and food
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18
Q

Respiratory Tract Agents

A
  • drugs given by inhalation for treating allergies, asthma, and infections
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19
Q

Ophtalmic, Otic, Nasal, and Throat (EENT)

A
  • drugs used in the eye, ear, nose and throat for treating local conditions
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20
Q

Gastrointestinal Drugs

A
  • antacids
  • antidiarrheals
  • laxatives
  • acid reducers
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21
Q

Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes

A
  • drugs that replace natural hormones or are synthetic analogs of natural hormones
  • examples:
    • testosterone
    • estrogen
    • thyroid
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22
Q

Oxytocics

A
  • agents used to induce labor and reduce postpartum bleeding
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23
Q

Serums, Toxoids, Vaccines

A
  • agents used to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against specific pathogens
  • Ex.
    • Tetanus
    • Polio
    • Shingles
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24
Q

Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Agents used to treat acne, rosacea, dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.
25
Smooth Muscle Relaxants
* Drugs that affect skeletal muscle function and decrease muscle tone
26
Vitamins
* Organic compounds and vital nutrients that an organism requires in limited amounts *
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Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
* Alcohol deterrents * snake-bite antidotes * immunosuppressants for organ transplants * antigout medications * and more
28
ATC
Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical System of drug classification * Widely used in Europe and some North American countries.....but not the U.S. Still, we American students need to know this, so giving a silent salute to America's rebellious nature -- ingenuity and all that -- here goes! * Divisons: (of ATC) * Alimentary Tract and Metabolism * Blood and Blood-Forming Organs * Cardiovascular System * Dermatologicals * Genitourinary System and Sex Hormones * Systemic Hormonal Preparations, excluding sex hormones and insulins * Anti-infectives for systemic use * Antineoplastics and Immune-Modulating Agents * Musculoskeletal System * Nervous System * Antiparasitic products, Insecticides, and Repellents * Respiratory System * Sensory Organs * Various * Each broad anatomic division is further subdivided by organs and pharmacologic classes. * ex. Cardiovascular System * Heart * Antianginal * Nitroglycerine
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Other U.S. Drug Classification Systems
* Uniquely U.S. systems of drug classification * VA Medication Classification System * Physicians Desk Reference (PDR.net) * Drugs.com (Sounds suspiciously generic..pun intended! Hell yeah!) * AHFS (American Hospital Formulary System)
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Main ways U.S. Classifies Medications
In the U.S. you can find at least 5 *relevant* methods of drug classification: 1. Anatomical 2. Therapeutic 3. Pharmacologic 4. Chemical 5. USAN Council stems
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AHFS
* American Hospital Formulary System * Has a widely used Therapeutic-Pharmacologic indexing system
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Pharmacologic Classes
* Pharmacologic classification is based on *mechanism of action* and includes only those medications that have the *_same or similar mechanism of action._* * This classification system describes a drugs properties in a specific way * Pharmacologic class is necessary when determining a specific treatment * "An ACE inhibitor is more desireable than a beta-blocker." * Generic names of drugs in the same pharmacologic class often have the *_same stem - prefix, suffix, or infix._* * ex. Beta-blockers end in ***"-olol"*** * Drugs in pharmacologic classes have *similar attributes* * *​Indications* * *Mechanism of Action* * *Contraindications and Precautions* * *Interactions* * *Adverse Reactions and Side Effects* * ​Drugs in a Pharmacologic Class may differ: * Dosages * Time Action Profile * Availability
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Chemical Classes
drug classificatgions related to their chemical structure
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Opiates
analgesic drugs derived from the opium poppy and based on morphine as the chemical template
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benzodiazepines
tranquelizer/sedative drugs developed based on the 1,4-benzodiazepine chemical structure
36
barbiturates
hypnotic drugs designed on the barbiturate acid chemical structure
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phenothiazines
tranquelizer drugs based on the dibenzo 1,4-thiazine chemical structure
38
Steroids
anti-inflammatory drugs based on the sterane chemical structure
39
thiazides
diuretic drugs based on the 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine chemical structure
40
bisphosphonates
osteoporosis drugs related to diphosphonic esters
41
quinolones
antibiotic compounds using 4-keto-1-benzopiperidine (known chemically as quinolone) as the basic structure
42
sulfonamides
antibiotic compounds that are based on amides of para-aminosulfonic acid
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thiazolidinediones
antidiabetic agents that are modeled after 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione chemical structure
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USAN Council stem classification
United States Adopted Name Council stem classifications
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-afil
* PDE5 inhibitors * used to treat erectile dysfunction * sildinafil (Viagria) * tadafil (Cialis)
46
-olol
* beta-blockers * antihypertensive * atenolol (Tenormin)
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-azepam
* anti-anxiety agents * lorazepam (Ativan)
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-caine
* local anesthetic * benzocaine (Americaine)
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- cef - ceph
* cephalosporin * antibiotic * cephalaxin (Keflex)
50
-pine
* calcium channel blocker * heart and BP treatment * nifedipine (Procardia)
51
-pril
* ACE inhibitor * antihypertensive * enalapril (Vasotec)
52
-statin
* cholesterol lowering agent * rosuvastatin (Crestor)
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-prazole
* anti-ulcer agent * esomeprazole (Nexium)
54
-glitazone
* suger-lowering agent * pioglitazone (Actos)
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-mab
* monoclonal antibodies * adalimumab (Humira)
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-oxetine
* antidepressant * paroxetine (Paxil)
57
-tidine
* H2 receptor antagonist * treats heartburn * climetidine (Tagamet)
58
-vir
* antivirals * acyclovir (Zovirax)
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