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Drug Facts Flashcards

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1
Q

acetaminophen

A

BRAND NAME: Tylenol

DRUG CLASS: Nonopioid analgesic

DRUG USE: Fever; pain

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; chewable tablet; ER tablet; powder; oral solution; oral suspension; suppository; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Short term use suggests low risk; long-term use suggests risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: No more than 4 g/day

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hepatotoxicity (if intentional or unintentional overdose occurs); erythema of skin; skin blister; skin rash; hearing loss

CONTRAINDICATION: Do not use with other drug products containing acetaminophen or if allergic to acetaminophen or any of the inactive ingredients.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: acetaZOLAMIDE

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2
Q

acetaminophen + codeine

A

BRAND NAME: Tylenol with Codeine

DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic combination

DRUG USE: Mild to moderate pain

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: III

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: If opioid use is required for an extended period of time in a pregnant person, advise the patient of the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated. Ensure that management by neonatology experts will be available at delivery

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: No more than 4 g of acetaminophen/360 mg of codeine per day

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hepatotoxicity (if intentional or unintentional acetaminophen overdose occurs); respiratory depression; opioid dependence; skin rash; abdominal pain; dizziness; drowsiness

CONTRAINDICATION: Do not use with other drug products containing acetaminophen or if allergic to acetaminophen or any of the inactive ingredients. Hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to acetaminophen, codeine, or any component of the formulation; pediatric patients

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3
Q

acetaminophen + hydrocodone

A

BRAND NAME: Vicodin; Xodol

DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic combination

DRUG USE: Severe pain

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: II

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: If opioid use is required for an extended period of time in a pregnant person, advise the patient of the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated. Ensure that management by neonatology experts will be available at delivery

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5-10 mg hydrocodone + 325 mg acetaminophen PO q4-6h p.r.n.; no more than 4 g/day of acetaminophen; do not exceed daily recommended doses

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hepatotoxicity (if intentional or unintentional acetaminophen overdose occurs); respiratory depression; opioid dependence; constipation; skin rash; abdominal pain; dizziness; drowsiness

CONTRAINDICATION: Do not use with other drug products containing acetaminophen or if allergic to acetaminophen or any of the inactive ingredients. Hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to hydrocodone, acetaminophen, or any component of the formulation; significant respiratory depression; acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment; GI obstruction, including paralytic ileus (known or suspected).

BOXED WARNING: Risk of medication errors; potential for addiction, abuse, and/or misuse; opioid analgesic risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS); life-threatening respiratory depression; accidental ingestion; ultra-rapid metabolism of codeine and other risk factors for life-threatening respiratory depression in children.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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4
Q

acetaminophen + oxycodone

A

BRAND NAME: Endocet; Nalocet; Percocet

DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic combination

DRUG USE: Severe pain

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: II

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: If opioid use is required for an extended period of time in a pregnant person, advise the patient of the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated. Ensure that management by neonatology experts will be available at delivery

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5-10 mg oxycodone + 325 mg acetaminophen PO q4-6h p.r.n.; no more than 4 g/day of acetaminophen; do not exceed daily recommended doses

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; nausea; headache; vomiting; constipation

CONTRAINDICATION: Do not use with other drug products containing acetaminophen or if allergic to acetaminophen or any of the inactive ingredients. Hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to hydrocodone, acetaminophen, or any component of the formulation; significant respiratory depression; acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment; GI obstruction, including paralytic ileus (known or suspected).

BOXED WARNING: Potential for addiction, abuse, and/or misuse; opioid analgesic risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS); life-threatening respiratory depression; accidental ingestion; ultra-rapid metabolism of codeine and other risk factors for life-threatening respiratory depression in children.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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5
Q

acyclovir

A

BRAND NAME: Sitavig; Zovirax

DRUG CLASS: Antiviral

DRUG USE: Herpes simplex virus (genital); herpes zoster (shingles); varicella (chickenpox)

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; oral suspension; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Genital herpes: 200 mg five times a day for 10 days
Chickenpox: 800 mg q.i.d.
Shingles: 800 mg five times a day

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; headache; vomiting; dizziness; fatigue; rash

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to acyclovir, valacyclovir, or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Doribax, Zostrix, Zybox

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6
Q

adalimumab

A

BRAND NAME: Humira

DRUG CLASS: Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor

DRUG USE: Ankylosing spondylitis; Crohn disease; plaque psoriasis; psoriatic arthritis; rheumatoid arthritis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Prefilled syringe; pen-injector; auto-injector

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 40 mg SC every two weeks. The dose and frequency is dependent on age, severity, and condition treated

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; rash; nausea; injection site reaction; hyperlipidemia; hematuria; arthralgia

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to adalimumab or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: Increase risk of serious injections that may lead to hospitalization or death.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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7
Q

albuterol

A

BRAND NAME: ProAir RespiClick; Ventolin HFA; Proventil HFA

DRUG CLASS: Beta2 agonist

DRUG USE: Bronchospasm; exercise-induced bronchospasm

DOSAGE FORM(S): Metered dose inhaler; nebulizer ampules

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-2 puffs q4-6h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nervousness; tremor; exacerbation of asthma; pharyngitis; tachycardia; dizziness; increased serum glucose; nausea; throat irritation; diarrhea

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to albuterol or any component of the formulation; severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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8
Q

albuterol + ipratropium

A

BRAND NAME: Combivent Respimat; DuoNeb

DRUG CLASS: Beta2 agonist + bronchodilator combination

DRUG USE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

DOSAGE FORM(S): Metered dose inhaler; nebulizer ampules

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Albuterol: Compatible
Ipratropium: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Solution: one 3 mL vial administered q.i.d. via nebulizater
Inhalation aerosol: one inhalation orally q.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Cough, pharyngitis; chest discomfort

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ipratropium, albuterol, atropine (and its derivatives) or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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9
Q

alendronate

A

BRAND NAME: Fosamax

DRUG CLASS: Bisphosphonate derivative

DRUG USE: Osteoporosis; Paget disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited Human Data—Animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 70 mg PO week

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abdominal pain; acid reflux; nausea; dyspepsia; constipation; flatulence

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to alendronate or any component of the formulation; hypocalcemia; abnormalities of the esophagus (eg, stricture, achalasia) that delay esophageal emptying; inability to stand or sit upright for ≥30 minutes(Ref); increased risk of aspiration (effervescent tablets; oral solution).

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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10
Q

allopurinol

A

BRAND NAME: Zyloprim

DRUG CLASS: Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

DRUG USE: Gout; nephrolithiasis; tumor lysis syndrome

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited Human Data—No relevant animal data

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 200-600 mg/day divided q.d.-q.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Rash; diarrhea; nausea

CONTRAINDICATION: Severe hypersensitivity reaction to allopurinol or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: zolpidem

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11
Q

alprazolam

A

BRAND NAME: Xanax

DRUG CLASS: Benzodiazepine

DRUG USE: Anxiety disorders

DOSAGE FORM(S): Oral concentrate; tablet; ER tablet; ODT

DEA SCHEDULE: IV

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human and animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Immediate release and ODT tabs: 0.25-0.5 mg PO t.i.d.
ER: 3 to 6 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; hypotension; constipation; vomiting; blurred vision; nervousness; abnormal dreams; tremor

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to alprazolam, any component of the formulation, or other benzodiazepines (cross-sensitivity with other benzodiazepines may exist); concurrent therapy with strong cytochrome P-450 3A (CYP3A) inhibitors (eg, itraconazole, ketoconazole), except ritonavir; acute narrow angle glaucoma.

BOXED WARNING: Risk from concomitant use with opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; dependence and withdrawal reactions.

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: LORazepam, clonazePAM, Fanapt, Tenex, Zantac,

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12
Q

amitriptyline

A

BRAND NAME: Elavil

DRUG CLASS: Tricyclic antidepressant

DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 40-150 mg PO q.h.s.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; dizziness; constipation; blurred vision; palpitations; nausea; confusion; urinary retention; photosensitivity; tremor

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to amitriptyline or any component of the formulation; coadministration with or within 14 days of MAOIs; coadministration with cisapride; acute recovery phase following myocardial infarction.

BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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13
Q

amlodipine

A

BRAND NAME: Norvasc

DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker

DRUG USE: Angina; hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral suspension

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Peripheral edema; fatigue; palpitations; dizziness; nausea; flushing; abdominal pain; pruritus

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to amlodipine or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: aMILoride, Navane

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14
Q

amlodipine + benazepril

A

BRAND NAME: Lotrel

DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker + angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor combination

DRUG USE: Hypertension

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Amlodipine: Human data suggest low risk
Benzapril: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5-10 mg amlodipine + 10-40 mg benazepril PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Cough; headache; edema; dizziness; fatigue

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to amlodipine, benazepril, other ACE inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; history of angioedema (with or without previous ACE inhibitor treatment); coadministration with aliskiren in patients with diabetes; coadministration with a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril) or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor.

BOXED WARNING: Do not use during pregnancy

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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15
Q

amoxicillin

A

BRAND NAME: Amoxil; Trimox; Moxatag

DRUG CLASS: Penicillin antibiotic

DRUG USE: Ear, nose, and throat infection; helicobacter pylori eradicaton; lower respiratory tract infection; rhinosinusitis; skin and soft tissue infection; urinary tract infection

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; ER tablet; chewable tablet; oral suspension

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 250-500 mg q8h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; rash

CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity to amoxicillin (eg, anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) or to other beta-lactams, or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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16
Q

amoxicillin + clavulanate

A

BRAND NAME: Augmentin; Augmentin ER; Augmentin XR

DRUG CLASS: Penicillin antibiotic

DRUG USE: Lower respiratory tract infection; otitis media; rhinosinusitis; soft tissue infection; urinary tract infection

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral suspension

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Amoxicillin: Human data suggest low risk
Clavulanate: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 500 -875 mg PO q12h

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; rash

CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity to amoxicillin (eg, anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) or to other beta-lactams, or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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17
Q

amphetamine + dextroamphetamine

A

BRAND NAME: Adderall; Adderall XR

DRUG CLASS: Central nervous system stimulant

DRUG USE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); narcolepsy

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: II

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine: Human and animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg PO divided q.d.-t.i.d.
ER: 20 mg PO q.a.m.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Anorexia; insomnia; headache; emotional lability; anxiety; agitation; nervousness; diarrhea; tachycardia; visual disturbance; photosensitivity

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, anaphylaxis) to amphetamine or any component of the formulation; during or within 14 days following monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (including MAOIs such as linezolid or IV methylene blue).

BOXED WARNING: Abuse, misuse, and addiction

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Inderall

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18
Q

apixaban

A

BRAND NAME: Eliquis

DRUG CLASS: Anticoagulant

DRUG USE: Atrial fibrillation; deep vein thrombosis; pulmonary embolism

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: No Human Data—Potential risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5 mg PO b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Bleeding; anemia

CONTRAINDICATION: Severe hypersensitivity reaction (ie, anaphylaxis) to apixaban or any component of the formulation; active pathological bleeding.

BOXED WARNING: Premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic event

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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19
Q

aripiprazole

A

BRAND NAME: Abilify

DRUG CLASS: Second generation (atypical) antipsychotic

DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; autistic disorder irritability; major depressive disorder; schizophrenia; Tourette disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Oral solution; oral tablet; ODT

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-15 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; weight gain; anxiety; insomnia; nausea; blurred vision; lightheadedness; dizziness; tremor; dyslipidemia; compulsive behaviors

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, pruritus, urticaria) to aripiprazole or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis; suicidality and antidepressant drugs

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: RABEprazole or proton pump inhibitors

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20
Q

atenolol

A

BRAND NAME: Tenormin

DRUG CLASS: Beta-blocker

DRUG USE: Angina; hypertension; myocardial infarction

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-200 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Braycardia; hypotension; peripheral edema; fatigue; palpitations; dizziness; nausea

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to atenolol or any component of the formulation; sinus bradycardia; heart block greater than first degree (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); cardiogenic shock; uncompensated cardiac failure.

BOXED WARNING: Taper dose - do not stop abruptly

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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21
Q

atomoxetine

A

BRAND NAME: Strattera

DRUG CLASS: Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

DRUG USE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 80 mg/day divided q.d.-b.i.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; abdominal pain; nausea; insomnia; fatigue

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to atomoxetine or any component of the formulation; use with or within 14 days of monoamine oxidase inhibitors; narrow-angle glaucoma; current or history of pheochromocytoma; severe cardiac or vascular disorders in which the condition would be expected to deteriorate with clinically important increases in BP (eg, 15 to 20 mm Hg) or heart rate (eg, 20 beats/minute).

BOXED WARNING: Suicidal ideation in children and adolescents

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: atorvastain

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22
Q

atorvastatin

A

BRAND NAME: Lipitor

DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

DRUG USE: Hypercholesterolemia; prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated 1st trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-80 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; arthralgia; nasopharyngitis; nausea; UTI; insomnia; limb pain; myalgia; pharyngolaryngeal pain

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, erythema multiforme, Steven Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis) to atorvastatin or any component of the formulation; acute liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: atomoxetine, Loniten ZyrTEC

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23
Q

azithromycin

A

BRAND NAME: Zithromax

DRUG CLASS: Macrolide antibiotic

DRUG USE: Chancroid; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); mycobacterium avium complex; otitis media; pneumonia; rhinosinusitis; skin and skin structure infection; streptococcal pharyngitis; urethritis/cervicitis

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral suspension; IV solution

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 250-500 mg PO q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; abdominal pain

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, other macrolide (eg, azalide, ketolide) antibiotics, or any component of the formulation; history of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with prior use of azithromycin.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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24
Q

baclofen

A

BRAND NAME: Lioresal

DRUG CLASS: Skeletal muscle relaxant

DRUG USE: Spasticity

DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; solution; oral granule; oral suspension

DEA SCHEDULE: N/A

HAZARDOUS: N/A

NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A

PREGNANCY WARNING: May be used with caution in 3rd trimester

NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Dose by patient; however, do not exceed 80 mg q.d.

COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; dizziness; weakness; nausea; confusion; hypotension; insomnia; edema; pruritis; constipation

CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to baclofen or any component of the formulation.

BOXED WARNING: N/A

MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A

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25
benazepril
BRAND NAME: Lotensin DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor DRUG USE: Hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-40 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; dizziness; fatigue; cough; hypotension; hyperkalemia; photosensitivity CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to benazepril, other ACE inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; history of angioedema (with or without prior ACE inhibitor therapy); concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus; coadministration with or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril). BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Benadryl
26
benzonatate
BRAND NAME: Tessalon DRUG CLASS: Antitussive DRUG USE: Cough DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Information related to use in pregnancy is limited NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100-200 mg PO t.i.d. p.r.n. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Sedation; headache; rash; nausea; constipation; confusion; hallucinations CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to benzonatate, related compounds, or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
27
benztropine
BRAND NAME: Cogentin DRUG CLASS: Anticholinergic DRUG USE: Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms; Parkinsonism DOSAGE FORM(S): Injection solution; tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-2 mg q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Cardiovascular tachycardia; digestive paralytic ileus; constipation; vomiting; nausea; dry mouth CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to benztropine mesylate or any component of the formulation. Children
28
bisoprolol
BRAND NAME: Zebeta DRUG CLASS: Beta-blocker DRUG USE: Hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Use during pregnancy only if potential benefit out weighs the risks NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5 mg q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea, fatigue; upper respiratory tract infection CONTRAINDICATION: Cardiogenic shock, overt cardiac failure, marked sinus bradycardia or heart block greater than first-degree (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Diabeta, Zetia
29
brimonidine ophthalmic
BRAND NAME: Alphagan P; Lumify DRUG CLASS: Alpha2 agonist DRUG USE: Elevated intraocular pressure; ocular redness DOSAGE FORM(S): Ophthalmic solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: May be used in pregnancy NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 gtt in affected eye(s) t.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Conjunctivitis; ocular burning; visual disturbance CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to brimonidine or any component of the formulation; neonates and infants younger than 2 years; concomitant monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
30
budesonide + formoterol
BRAND NAME: Symbicort DRUG CLASS: Beta2 agonist + corticosteroid combination DRUG USE: Asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) DOSAGE FORM(S): Metered dose inhaler; aerosphere DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Budesonide: Compatible (inhaled/nasal) No Human Data—Animal data suggest risk (oral) Formoterol: Limited Human Data—Probably Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: MDI: 2 puffs b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nasopharyngitis; headache, vomiting; cough, abdominal distress, candidiasis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to budesonide, formoterol, or any component of the formulation(Ref); primary treatment of status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma or COPD where intensive measures are required (Breyna, Symbicort). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
31
budesonide, oral inhalation
BRAND NAME: Pulmicort Flexhaler; Pulmicort Respules DRUG CLASS: Oral corticosteroid DRUG USE: Asthma DOSAGE FORM(S): Metered dose inhaler; nebulizer suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible (inhaled/nasal) No human data—Animal data suggest risk (oral) NORMAL ADULT DOSE: MDI: 2 puffs b.i.d. AMP: 1 ampule q6h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nasopharyngitis; otitis media; candidiasis; vomiting; diarrhea; rash CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to budesonide or any component of the formulation; severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins (Pulmicort Flexhaler); primary treatment of status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma requiring intensive measures. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
32
buprenorphine + naloxone
BRAND NAME: Suboxone DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic + opioid partial agonist combination DRUG USE: Opioid use disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Sublingual film; sublingual tablet DEA SCHEDULE: III HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Buprenorphine: Limited human data—Probably compatible Naloxone: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Film: 16 mg/4 mg SL q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Withdrawal syndrome; tongue pain; nausea; constipation; headache; pain; increased sweating CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylactic shock) to buprenorphine, naloxone, or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
33
bupropion
BRAND NAME: Wellbutrin; Wellbutrin SR; Wellbutrin XL DRUG CLASS: Norepinephrine/dopamine-reuptake inhibitor DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder; seasonal affective disorder; smoking cessation DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; SR tablet; XL tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR: 100 mg PO t.i.d. SR: 150 mg PO b.i.d. XL: 300 mg PO q.a.m. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; dizziness; tremor; insomnia; blurred vision; constipation, nausea and vomiting CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to bupropion or any component of the formulation (anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome); seizure disorder; current or history of anorexia nervosa/bulimia; patients undergoing abrupt discontinuation of alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or antiseizure drugs; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either bupropion or the MAOI); initiation of bupropion in a patient receiving linezolid or IV methylene blue. BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: busPIRone
34
buspirone
BRAND NAME: BuSpar DRUG CLASS: Antianxiety agent DRUG USE: Generalized anxiety disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-60 mg/day PO divided b.i.d./t.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; nausea; headache; nervousness; insomnia; hostitality; confusion CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to buspirone or any component of the formulation; concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat depression or within 14 days of discontinuing MAOIs intended to treat depression; concomitant use of MAOIs within 14 days of discontinuing buspirone; initiation of buspirone in patients receiving reversible MAOIs (eg, IV methylene blue). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: buPROPion
35
canagliflozin
BRAND NAME: Invokana DRUG CLASS: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT) inhibitor DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100-300 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hyperkalemia; UTI; thirst; constipation; nausea; hypotension CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to canagliflozin or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
36
carbamazepine
BRAND NAME: Tegretol DRUG CLASS: Antimanic agent; antiseizure agent DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; focal (partial) onset seizures and generalized-onset seizures; neuropathic pain DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; chewable tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; oral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Maternal benefit >> embryo-fetal risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR: 800-1200 mg/day divided b.i.d./q.i.d. ER: 400-600 mg b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; constipation; skin problems; speech disturbance CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to TCAs; MOA inhibitor use; bone marrow depression; avoid abrupt withdrawal. BOXED WARNING: Serious dermatologic reactions and HLA-B*1502 allele; aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: OXcarbazepine, Tequin, Trental
37
carbidopa + levodopa
BRAND NAME: Sinemet, Sinemet CR DRUG CLASS: Decarboxylase inhibitor + dopamine precursor combination DRUG USE: Parkinsonism DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; ER tablet; ODT; enteral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Carbidopa: Limited Human Data—Animal data suggest risk Levodopa: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR: individualized PO t.i.d.-q.i.d., ER: PO b.i.d.-t.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Orthostatic hypotension; dizziness; nausea; headache; dyskinesia, constipation, depression, hypertension CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to levodopa, carbidopa, or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or use within the last 14 days. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Janumet
38
carvedilol
BRAND NAME: Coreg, Coreg CR DRUG CLASS: Antihypertensive; beta-blocker with alpha-blocking activity DRUG USE: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 6.25-25 mg PO b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hyperglycemia, weight gain, diarrhea, asthenia, dizziness, fatigue CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity to carvedilol or any component of the formulation; decompensated cardiac failure requiring intravenous inotropic therapy; bronchial asthma or related bronchospastic conditions; second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, sick sinus syndrome, or severe bradycardia (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); cardiogenic shock; severe hepatic impairment. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
39
cefdinir
BRAND NAME: Omnicef DRUG CLASS: Cephalosporin antibiotic (3rd generation) DRUG USE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); otitis media; pneumonia; rhinosinusitis; skin and soft tissue infections; streptococcal pharyngitis DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; oral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 7 mg/kg q12h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; diarrhea; headache; abdominal pain CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to cefdinir, any component of the formulation, or other cephalosporins. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
40
cefuroxime
BRAND NAME: Ceftin DRUG CLASS: Cephalosporin antibiotic (2nd generation) DRUG USE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Lyme disease; otitis media; sinusitis; skin and skin-structure infections; streptococcal pharyngitis DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; IV solution; injection solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 250 or 500 mg q12h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; unpleasant taste CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to cefuroxime, any component of the formulation, or other beta-lactam antibacterial drugs (eg, penicillins, cephalosporins). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: sulfaSALAzine
41
celecoxib
BRAND NAME: Celebrex DRUG CLASS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)/COX-2 inhibitor DRUG USE: Anti-inflammatory; dysmenorrhea; juvenile idiopathic arthritis; migraine; osteoarthritis; pain DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100 mg b.i.d. or 200 mg q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abdominal pain, dyspepsia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, serious skin reactions) to celecoxib, sulfonamides, aspirin, other NSAIDs, or any component of the formulation; patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs; use in the setting of CABG surgery. BOXED WARNING: Serious cardiovascular risk; serious GI risk MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: CeleXA, Cerebyx
42
cephalexin
BRAND NAME: Keflex DRUG CLASS: Cephalosporin antibiotic (1st generation) DRUG USE: Bone infections; otitis media; respiratory tract infections; skin and soft tissue infections; urinary tract infections DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; oral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 250 mg q6h or 500 mg q12h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; rash; headache; dizziness CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to cephalexin, other cephalosporins, or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Keppra
43
cetirizine
BRAND NAME: Zyrtec DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist DRUG USE: Allergic rhinitis; urticaria DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; chewable tablet; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; fatigue; headache; diarrhea; pharyngitis; dizziness CONTRAINDICATION: Hepatic impairment; renal impairment. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: sertraline, stavudine
44
chlorthalidone
BRAND NAME: Hygroton DRUG CLASS: Thiazide diuretic DRUG USE: Edema; hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 25-100 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Photosensitivity, skin rash, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting , dizziness CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to chlorthalidone, other sulfonamide-derived drugs, or any component of the formulation; anuria. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
45
ciprofloxacin
BRAND NAME: Cipro; Cipro XR DRUG CLASS: Fluoroquinolone antibiotic DRUG USE: Bone and joint infection; gonorrhea; infectious diarrhea; inhalational anthrax; intra-abdominal infection; plague; pneumonia; prostatitis; rhinosinusitis; skin and soft tissue infection; typhoid fever; urinary tract infection DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; oral suspension; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated (Use only if no other alternatives) NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 250-750 mg PO q12h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Skin rash; abdominal pain; diarrhea; dypepsia; nausea; vomiting CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin, any member of the quinolone class of antimicrobial agents, or any component of the formulation; coadministration with tizanidine. BOXED WARNING: May increase risk of tendonitis and tendon ruptures esp. in populations over 60 years old; myasthenia gravis MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
46
citalopram
BRAND NAME: Celexa DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-40 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diaphoresis, nausea; xerostomia; drowsiness CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (including angioedema, anaphylaxis) to citalopram or any component of the formulation; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either citalopram or the MAOI); initiation of citalopram in a patient receiving IV methylene blue; concomitant use with pimozide. BOXED WARNING: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: escitalopram, CeleXA, Celebrex, Cerebyx, ZyPREXA
47
clarithromycin
BRAND NAME: Biaxin DRUG CLASS: Macrolide antibiotic DRUG USE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Helicobacter pylori eradication; mycobacterial (nontuberculous) infection; otitis media; pneumonia; rhinosinusitis; skin/skin structure infections; streptococcal pharyngitis DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; oral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 500 mg q12h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; insomnia; skin rash; dysgeusia; vomiting; diarrhea; nausea; abdominal pain; dyspepsia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to clarithromycin, erythromycin, any of the macrolide antibiotics, or any component of the formulation; history of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with prior use of clarithromycin; concomitant use with cisapride, pimozide, ergot alkaloids (eg, ergotamine, dihydroergotamine), lomitapide, lurasidone, or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors extensively metabolized by CYP3A4 (eg, lovastatin, simvastatin); concomitant use with colchicine in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
48
clindamycin
BRAND NAME: Cleocin DRUG CLASS: Lincosamide antibiotic DRUG USE: Gynecological infections; intra-abdominal infections; lower respiratory tract infections; septicemia; skin and soft tissue infection DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; oral solution; injection solution; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Avoid 1st trimester if possible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 150 to 300 mg q6h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; abdominal pain; itching; rash CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to clindamycin, lincomycin, or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: Risk of severe diarrhea and C diff infection MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
49
clonazepam
BRAND NAME: Klonopin DRUG CLASS: Benzodiazepine DRUG USE: Panic disorder; seizure disorders DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT DEA SCHEDULE: IV HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.5-1 mg PO t.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Ataxia, behavioral problems; dizziness; drowsiness; pain disorder. CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to clonazepam, other benzodiazepines, or any component of the formulation; significant liver disease; acute narrow-angle glaucoma. BOXED WARNING: Risk from concomitant use with opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; dependence and withdrawal reactions MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: ALPRAZolam, cloBAZam, clonNIDine, cloZAPine, LORazepam
50
clonidine
BRAND NAME: Catapres DRUG CLASS: Alpha2-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive DRUG USE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; transdermal patch; epidural solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.2-0.6 mg per day in divided doses COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Contact dermatitis; skin rash; upper abdominal pain; xerostomia; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to clonidine hydrochloride or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: clonazePAM, cloZAPine, KlonoPIN, clonazePAM
51
clopidogrel
BRAND NAME: Plavix DRUG CLASS: Antiplatelet agent; P2Y12 antagonist DRUG USE: Acute coronary syndrome; myocardial infarction; ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack; peripheral atherosclerotic disease DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 75 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hemorrhage CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis) to clopidogrel or any component of the formulation; active pathological bleeding (eg, peptic ulcer, intracranial hemorrhage). BOXED WARNING: Diminished antiplatelet effect in patients with two loss-of-function alleles of the CYP2C19 gene MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Paxil, Pradaxa
52
colchicine
BRAND NAME: Colcrys DRUG CLASS: Antigout agent DRUG USE: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; familial Mediterranean fever; gout flares DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.6 mg PO q.d./b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; myalgia CONTRAINDICATION: Concomitant use of a P-gp inhibitor or strong CYP3A4 inhibitor in presence of renal or hepatic impairment. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Cortrosyn
53
conjugated estrogens
BRAND NAME: Premarin DRUG CLASS: Estrogen derivative DRUG USE: Breast cancer; osteoporosis; prostate cancer; secondary amenorrhea; hypoestrogenism; vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause; vulvar and vaginal atrophy associated with menopause DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; vaginal cream; injection solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.3 to 0.625 mg q.d. administered cyclically COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; pain; abdominal pain; vaginal hemorrhage; mastalgia; arthralgia; pharyngitisl sinusitis, depression, dizziness, nervousness, prurutus, diarrheal flatulence; vaginitis; weakness; increased cough CONTRAINDICATION: Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding; known, suspected, or history of breast cancer, except in appropriately selected patients being treated for metastatic disease; known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia; active DVT or PE, or a history of these conditions; active arterial thromboembolic disease (eg, stroke, MI) or a history of these conditions; hepatic dysfunction or disease; known protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency, or other known thrombophilic disorders; known or suspected pregnancy; known anaphylactic reaction or angioedema to conjugated estrogens. BOXED WARNING: Endometrial cancer; cardiovascular disorders and probable dementia MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
54
cyanocobalamin
BRAND NAME: Vitamin B-12 DRUG CLASS: Water-soluble vitamin DRUG USE: Vitamin B12 deficiency DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; injection solution; nasal solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1000 mcg SC/IV COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; nausea; anxiety; rhinitis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), cobalt, or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A
55
cyclobenzaprine
BRAND NAME: Flexeril DRUG CLASS: Skeletal muscle relaxant DRUG USE: Muscle spasm DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO t.i.d. 15 mg ER q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Xerostomia; dizziness; drowsiness; abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; dyspepsia; nausea; unpleasant taste; fatigue; headache; irritability CONTRAINDICATION: Concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibitor or within 14 days of use; acute recovery phase of myocardial infarction and patients with arrhythmias, heart block, conduction disturbances, congestive heart failure or hyperthyroidism. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
56
desvenlafaxine
BRAND NAME: Pristiq DRUG CLASS: Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hyperhidrosis, nausea, xerostomia, dizziness, insomnia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to desvenlafaxine, venlafaxine, or any component of the formulation; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing an MAOI); initiation of MAOIs within 7 days of discontinuing desvenlafaxine; initiation of desvenlafaxine in a patient receiving IV methylene blue. BOXED WARNING: Suicidal thoughts and behavior MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: PriLOSEC
57
dexmethylphenidate
BRAND NAME: Focalin; Focalin XR DRUG CLASS: Central nervous system stimulant DRUG USE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule DEA SCHEDULE: II HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR 2.5-10 mg PO b.i.d. ER: 20-40 mg PO q.a.m. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abdominal pain; dyspepsia; xerostomia; anxiety; headache; insomnia; jitteriness CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, anaphylaxis) to methylphenidate or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with or within 14 days following discontinuation with monoamine oxidase inhibitors therapy. BOXED WARNING: Abuse, misuse, and addiction MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: dexmethylphenidate mixed salts, Folrx
58
dextromethorphan + guaifenesin
BRAND NAME: Various DRUG CLASS: Antitussive + expectorant combination DRUG USE: Cough and chest congestion DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; oral syrup; ER tablet; effervescent tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Product should not be used in pregnancy without benefit/risk analysis NORMAL ADULT DOSE: liquid: 10 mL q4h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; drowsiness; sleep problems diarrhea; nervousness; restlessness; anxiousness or irritability CONTRAINDICATION: Concurrent administration with or within 2 weeks of discontinuing a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
59
diazepam
BRAND NAME: Valium DRUG CLASS: Benzodiazepine DRUG USE: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome; anxiety; muscle spasm, spasiticy and/or rigidity; seizures DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral concentrate; oral solution; buccal film; nasal liquid; rectal gel; injection solution; auto-injector DEA SCHEDULE: IV HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2-10 mg PO b.i.d.-q.i.d. or 5-10 mg IM/IV Q 3-4 hours COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; hypotension; vasodilation; skin rash; abdominal pain; diarrhea; dysgeusia; hiccups; ataxia; dizziness; euphoria; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to diazepam or any component of the formulation; acute narrow-angle glaucoma. BOXED WARNING: Risks from concomitant use with opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; dependence and withdrawal reactions MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: dilTIAZem
60
diclofenac
BRAND NAME: Cataflam DRUG CLASS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) DRUG USE: Ankylosing spondylitis; dysmenorrhea; migraine; osteoarthritis; pain; rheumatoid arthritis DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; DR tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100-200 mg q.d. in divided doses COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; nausea; hypertension; pruritus; abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; duodenal ulcer dyspepsia; flatulence; gastric issues; vomiting; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; back pain; limb pain; musculoskeletal pain; sinusitis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to diclofenac (eg, anaphylactoid reactions, serious skin reactions) or bovine protein (Zipsor only) or any component of the formulation; history of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; use in the setting of CABG surgery. BOXED WARNING: Serious cardiovascular thrombotic events; serious GI bleeding, ulceration, and perforation MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
61
dicyclomine
BRAND NAME: Bentyl DRUG CLASS: Anticholinergic agent DRUG USE: Irritable bowel syndrome DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; oral solution; IM solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 40 mg q.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea, xerostomia, dizziness, blurred vision, drowsiness, nervousness, asthenia CONTRAINDICATION: Obstructive uropathy; obstructive disease of the GI tract; severe ulcerative colitis; reflux esophagitis; unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage; glaucoma; myasthenia gravis; infants younger than 6 months of age; breast-feeding women. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
62
digoxin
BRAND NAME: Lanoxin DRUG CLASS: Cardiac glyoside DRUG USE: Atrial fibrillation; heart failure DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution; injection solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Dose by patient weight and organ function; 10 mcg/kg COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Bradycardia; tachycardia; dizziness; headache; diarrhea; nausea CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to digoxin, other forms of digitalis, or any component of the formulation; ventricular fibrillation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: levothyroxine, naloxone
63
diltiazem
BRAND NAME: Cardizem; Cartia; Dilacor; Tiazac; Taztia DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker DRUG USE: Angina pectoris; hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 30-90 mg PO q.i.d. or 120-480 mg ER PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Braycardia, hypotension, edema, dyspepsia, fatigue; headache, pain, pharyngitis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to diltiazem or any component of the formulation; sick sinus syndrome (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); second- or third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); hypotension (systolic less than 90 mm Hg); acute myocardial infarction (MI) and pulmonary congestion. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: diazePAM
64
divalproex
BRAND NAME: Depakote; Depakote ER DRUG CLASS: Antimanic agent; antiseizure agent DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; focal (partial) onset and generalized onset seizures; migraine DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; DR tablet; DR capsule; ER tablet; IV solution; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: DR: Individual PO b.i.d.-t.i.d. ER: Individual PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Alopecia; abdominal pain; anorexia; diarrhea; dyspepsia; nausea; vomiting; thrombocytopenia; asthenia; dizzinessl headache; insomnia; nervousness; pain; tremor; diplopia; visual disturbance; flu like symptoms CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to valproic acid, divalproex, derivatives, or any component of the formulation; hepatic disease or significant impairment; urea cycle disorders; prevention of migraine in pregnant women and women of childbearing potential who are not using effective contraception; known mitochondrial disorders caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA POLG (eg, Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome) and children younger than 2 years who are suspected of having a POLG-related disorder. BOXED WARNING: Hepatotoxicity; patients with mitochondrial disease; fetal risk; pancreatitis MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
65
docusate
BRAND NAME: Colace DRUG CLASS: Stool softener DRUG USE: Stool softener DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-300 mg/D divided q.d./b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: There are no adverse reactions listed in the manufacturer's labeling. CONTRAINDICATION: Fecal impaction; appendicitis; GI obstruction. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: bisacodyl, Cozaar
66
donepezil
BRAND NAME: Aricept; Aricept ODT DRUG CLASS: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor DRUG USE: Alzheimer disease DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO q.h.s. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; erythema; insomnia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to donepezil, piperidine derivatives, or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Aciphex, Azilect
67
doxazosin
BRAND NAME: Cardura; Cardura XL DRUG CLASS: Alpha1 blocker DRUG USE: Benign prostatic hypertrophy; hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-16 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; fatigue; malaise; vertigo; asthenia; drowsiness; headache; respiratory tract infection CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to doxazosin, other quinazolines (eg, prazosin, terazosin), or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
68
doxycycline
BRAND NAME: Vibramycin; Doryx; Monodox; Periostat DRUG CLASS: Tetracycline antibiotic DRUG USE: Acne vulgaris; actinomycosis; acute intestinal amebiasis; anthrax; cholera; clostridium; gram-negative infections; listeriosis; malaria prophylaxis; ophthalmic infections; periodontitis; relapsing fever; respiratory tract infections; Rickettsial infections; rosacea; sexually transmitted infections; skin and soft tissue infections; Vincent infection; yaws; zoonotic infections DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; DR capsule; tablet; DR tablet; oral suspension; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100 mg PO q12h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; loss of appetite; diarrhea CONTRAINDICATION: Do not use when pregnant, in lactation, or in patients less than 8 years old. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
69
dulaglutide
BRAND NAME: Trulicity DRUG CLASS: GLP-1 agonist DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): Pen-injector DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.75-4.5 mg SC/week COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia, Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting, tachycardia; abdominal pain, constipation, decreased appetite, dyspepsia, fatigue CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity to dulaglutide or any component of the formulation; personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC); patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2). BOXED WARNING: Risk of thyroid C-cell tumors MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Tanzeum, Toujeo, Tradenta, Tresiba
70
duloxetine
BRAND NAME: Cymbalta DRUG CLASS: Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) DRUG USE: Fibromyalgia; generalized anxiety disorder; major depressive disorder; musculoskeletal pain; neuropathic pain associated with diabetes mellitus DOSAGE FORM(S): DR capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 30- 60 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Weight loss; abnominal pain; decreased appetite; nausea; vomiting; xerostomia; drowsiness; fatigue; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing the MAOI); initiation of MAOIs intended to treat psychiatric disorders within 5 days of discontinuing duloxetine; initiation of duloxetine in a patient receiving IV methylene blue. BOXED WARNING: Suicidal thoughts and behavior MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Dexilant, FLUoxetine, PARoxetine, Symbyax
71
enalapril
BRAND NAME: Vasotec DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor DRUG USE: Heart failure; hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg divided q.d.-b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; dizziness; cough; hypotension; photosensitivity CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to enalapril or any component of the formulation; history of angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor; hereditary or idiopathic angioedema; coadministration with aliskiren in patients with diabetes; coadministration with or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril). BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
72
enoxaparin
BRAND NAME: Lovenox DRUG CLASS: Anticoagulant DRUG USE: Acute coronary syndromes; deep vein thrombosism; venous thromboembolism prophylaxis DOSAGE FORM(S): Prefilled syringe; injection solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 30-40 mg SC q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Anemia; hemorrage CONTRAINDICATION: Known hypersensitivity to enoxaparin (eg, pruritus, urticaria, anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions), heparin, pork products, or any component of the formulation (including benzyl alcohol in multiple-dose vials); active major bleeding; history of immune-mediated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in the past 100 days or in the presence of circulating antibodies. BOXED WARNING: Spinal/epidural hematomas MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Levemir
73
epoetin alfa
BRAND NAME: Epogen; Procrit DRUG CLASS: Colony stimulating factor DRUG USE: Anemia; reduction of allogeneic RBC transfusion DOSAGE FORM(S): Injection solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Maternal benefit >> embryo–fetal risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 500-100 units/kg 3 times weekly COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypertension; headache; pruritus; skin rash; nausea; vomiting; injection site pain; arthralgia; cough; fever CONTRAINDICATION: Serious allergic reactions to epoetin alfa products or any component of the formulations; uncontrolled hypertension; pure red cell aplasia that begins after treatment with epoetin alfa or other epoetin protein drugs; multidose vials contain benzyl alcohol and are contraindicated in neonates, infants, pregnant women, and breastfeeding women. BOXED WARNING: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) increase the risk of death, MI, stroke, VTE, thrombosis of vascular access, and tumor progression or recurrence. MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
74
ergocalciferol
BRAND NAME: Vitamin D DRUG CLASS: Vitamin D analog DRUG USE: Dietary supplement DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 400-2000 U PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypervitaminosis D CONTRAINDICATION: Hypercalcemia; malabsorption syndrome; abnormal sensitivity to the toxic effects of vitamin D; hypervitaminosis D. BOXED WARNING: N/A
75
escitalopram
BRAND NAME: Lexapro DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) DRUG USE: Generalized anxiety disorder; major depressive disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; ejaculatory disorder; drowsiness; headache; insomnia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to escitalopram, citalopram, or any component of the formulation; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either escitalopram or the MAOI); initiation of escitalopram in a patient receiving IV methylene blue; concurrent use of pimozide. BOXED WARNING: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: citalopram, Loxitane
76
esomeprazole
BRAND NAME: Nexium DRUG CLASS: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) DRUG USE: Upper GI bleed; GERD; Heliobacter pylori eradication; pathological hypersecretory conditions; risk reduction of NSAID-associated gastric ulcer DOSAGE FORM(S): DR capsule; DR tablet; packet; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-40 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; abdominal pain; diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; flatulence; dizziness; xerostomia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, urticaria) to esomeprazole, other substituted benzimidazole proton pump inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with products that contain rilpivirine. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: NexAVAR
77
estradiol
BRAND NAME: Estrace DRUG CLASS: Estrogen replacement DRUG USE: Vulvar and vaginal atrophy due to menopause DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; vaginal cream; vaginal tablet; vaginal ring; transdermal patch; transdermal gel DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; abdominal pain; breakthrough bleeding; breast tenderness; endometrium disease; leukorrhea; mastalgia; vulvovaginal candidiasis; erythema; depression; headache; pain; arthralgia; nasopharyngitis; headache; upper respiratory infection; hypertension; priritus; skin rash; hirsutism; hot flash; internenstrual bleeding; weight gain; constipation; dyspepsia; flatulence; gastroenteritis; nausea; uterine bleeding; breast hypertrophy; cervical polyp; dysmenorrhea; uterine pain; anxiety; asthenia; dizziness; fatigue; migraine; limb; neck pain CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to estradiol or any component of the formulation (including tartrazine); undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding; DVT or PE (current or history of); active or history of arterial thromboembolic disease (eg, stroke, MI); breast cancer (known, suspected, or history of), except in appropriately selected patients being treated for metastatic disease; estrogen-dependent tumor (known or suspected); hepatic impairment or disease; pregnancy. BOXED WARNING: Endometrial cancer; cardiovascular and other risks MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
78
ethinyl estradiol + etonogestrel
BRAND NAME: NuvaRing; EluRyng; Haloette DRUG CLASS: Estrogen + progestin combination DRUG USE: Contraception DOSAGE FORM(S): Vaginal ring DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 ring vaginally every 3 weeks COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Intermenstrual bleeding; vaginitis; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis and angioedema, to ethinyl estradiol, etonogestrel, or any component of the formulation; breast cancer (current or a history of; may be hormone sensitive); hepatic tumors (benign or malignant) or hepatic disease; pregnancy; undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding; concurrent use of hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir. Use is also contraindicated in patients at high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases, including cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus with vascular disease, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (current or history of), headaches with focal neurological symptoms, migraine headaches with aura or migraine headaches if >35 years of age, hypertension (uncontrolled), thrombogenic valvular or rhythm diseases of the heart (eg, subacute bacterial endocarditis with valvular disease, atrial fibrillation), patients >35 years of age who smoke, inherited or acquired hypercoagulopathies. BOXED WARNING: Cigarette smoke and serious cardiovascular events MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
79
ethinyl estradiol + levonorgestrel
BRAND NAME: Aviane; Falmina; Lessina; Amethyst; Portia; Seasonale; Jolessa; Levora DRUG CLASS: Estrogen + progestin combination DRUG USE: Contraception DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; transdermal patch DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Single tablet PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Weight gain; nausea; dysmenorrhea; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel, or any component of the formulation; breast cancer (current or a history of; may be hormonal-sensitive); hepatic tumors, acute viral hepatitis or severe (decompensated) cirrhosis; hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir; liver disease; undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding; BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (patch only). Patients at high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases including: cerebrovascular disease; coronary artery disease; diabetes mellitus with any of the following: age >35 years, duration >20 years, hypertension, vascular disease, or other end-organ damage; deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (current or history of); hypercoagulopathies (inherited or acquired); hypertension (uncontrolled); hypertension with vascular disease; migraine headaches with any of the following: age >35 years, aura, or focal neurological symptoms; thrombogenic valvular or rhythm diseases of the heart (eg, subacute bacterial endocarditis with valvular disease or atrial fibrillation); smoking if >35 years of age. BOXED WARNING: Cigarette smoking and serious cardiovascular events MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
80
ethinyl estradiol + norethindrone
BRAND NAME: Fyavolv; Jinteli; Jevantique; Junel; Larin; Loestrin; Microgestin; Norinyl; Nortrel DRUG CLASS: Estrogen + progestin combination DRUG USE: Contraception; inflammatory acne vulgaris; osteoporosis; vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; chewable tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Single tablet PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Increased sex hormone binding globulin; edema; abdominal pain; mastalgia; headache; amenorrhea; changes in menstrual flow; breakthrough blessing; spotting; weight changes CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ethinyl estradiol, norethindrone, or any component of the formulation; breast cancer (current or a history of; may be hormonal-sensitive), endometrial cancer, or other estrogen- or progestin-sensitive cancer; hepatic tumors (benign or malignant) or hepatic disease; cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy or jaundice with prior oral contraceptive use; undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding; concomitant use of hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir. Use is also contraindicated in patients at high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases, such as those with: cerebrovascular disease; coronary artery disease; patients >35 years of age with diabetes mellitus; diabetes mellitus with hypertension, vascular disease, or end-organ damage; diabetes mellitus for >20 years' duration; deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (current or history of); hypertension (uncontrolled); hypertension with vascular disease; headaches with focal neurological symptoms; migraine headaches with aura or migraine headaches if >35 years of age; patients >35 years of age who smoke; hypercoagulopathies (inherited or acquired); thrombogenic valvular or thrombogenic rhythm diseases of the heart (eg, subacute bacterial endocarditis with valvular disease, atrial fibrillation). BOXED WARNING: Cigarette smoking and serious cardiovascular events; endometrial cancer; cardiovascular disease; breast cancer; dementia MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
81
ethinyl estradiol + norgestimate
BRAND NAME: Mili, Sprintec, MonoNessa, Tri-Lo-Marzia, Tri-Estarylia, Tri-Sprintec, Tri-Mili DRUG CLASS: Estrogen + progestin combination DRUG USE: Contraception; inflammatory acne vulgaris DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Single tablet PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; breakthrough bleeding; headache; migraine; acne vulgaris; skin rash; menstrual disease; weight changes; abdominal pain; breast cyst; breast hypertrophy; breast swelling; breast tenderness; mastalgia; nipple discharge; nipple pain; vaginal infection; vulvovaginal; mood disorder CONTRAINDICATION: Breast cancer (current or a history of; may be hormonal-sensitive), hepatic tumors (benign or malignant) or hepatic disease, pregnancy, undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding; concomitant use of hepatitis C drug combinations containing ombitasvir/ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir. Use is also contraindicated in patients at high risk of arterial or venous thrombotic diseases for example, patients with: Cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus with vascular disease, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (current or history of), hypercoagulopathies (inherited or acquired), hypertension (uncontrolled), headaches with focal neurological symptoms, migraine headaches with aura or migraine headaches if >35 years of age, thrombogenic valvular or rhythm diseases of the heart (eg, subacute bacterial endocarditis with valvular disease or atrial fibrillation), patients >35 years of age who smoke. BOXED WARNING: Cigarette smoking increases cardiovascular side effects. MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
82
ezetimibe
BRAND NAME: Zetia DRUG CLASS: Antilipemic agent DRUG USE: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; familial hypercholesterolemia; homozygous sitosterolemia DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: If lipid-lowering therapy during pregnancy is required, it should be individualized based on the therapeutic needs of the patient, considering the lifetime risk of untreated disease, and the known risks and benefits of available therapies (CCS [Pearson 2021]) NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Increased serum transaminases; arthralgia; sinusitis; upper respiratory tract infection CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ezetimibe or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with a statin, fenofibrate, or other LDL-C lowering therapy when contraindications are present for such therapies. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Bextra, Zestril, Zebeta
83
famotidine
BRAND NAME: Pepcid DRUG CLASS: Histamine H2 antagonist DRUG USE: Erosive esophagitis; GERD; pathological hypersecretory conditions; peptic ulcer disease DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral suspension; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-40 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Constipation; diarrhea; dizziness; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis) to famotidine, other H2 antagonists, or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
84
fenofibrate
BRAND NAME: TriCor DRUG CLASS: Fibrate DRUG USE: Hypertriglyceridemia DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 40-160 mg q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abnormal liver function tests; abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; dyspepsia; dizziness; pain; arthralgia; limb pain; myalgia; nasopharyngitis; sinusitis; upper respiratory infection CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to fenofibrate or fenofibric acid or any component of the formulation; active liver disease, including primary biliary cirrhosis and unexplained, persistent liver function abnormality; severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), including those receiving dialysis; preexisting gallbladder disease; breast-feeding. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Tracleer
85
fentanyl
BRAND NAME: Duragesic DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic DRUG USE: Chronic pain DOSAGE FORM(S): Transdermal patch; buccal lozenge; injection solution; IV solution; prefilled syringe; buccal tablet DEA SCHEDULE: II HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Peripheral edema; hyperhidrosis; dehydration; hypokalemia; weight loss; abdominal pain; anorexia; constipation; diarrhea; dysgeus; nausea; vomiting; anemia; asthenia; confusion; depression; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; headache; insomnia; back pain; dyspnea; pneumonia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity) to fentanyl or any component of the formulation; significant respiratory depression (Actiq, Fentora only); acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment; GI obstruction, including paralytic ileus (known or suspected); acute or postoperative pain (including headache, migraine, or dental pain); acute pain management in the emergency room; patients who are not opioid tolerant. BOXED WARNING: Life-threatening respiratory depression; serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur; concomitant use of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants may result in sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death; accidental ingestion; cytochrome P450 3A4 interaction; risk of medication errors; addiction, abuse, and misuse; REMS program; neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: ALfentanil, SUFentanil
86
ferrous sulfate
BRAND NAME: Feosol; Slow Fe DRUG CLASS: Iron preparations DRUG USE: Iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; DR tablet; ER tablet; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 150-325 mg q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Darkening of stools; abdominal pain; heartburn; nausea; constipation; flatulence; vomitin; diarrhea CONTRAINDICATION: Hemochromatosis; hemolytic anemia BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
87
finasteride
BRAND NAME: Proscar; Propecia DRUG CLASS: 5-alpha reductase inhibitor DRUG USE: Androgenetic alopecia; benign prostatic hyperplasia DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Impotence; orthostatic hypotension; decreased libido; ejaculatory disorder CONTRAINDICATION: Women and children; pregnancy BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Prograf, Provera
88
fluconazole
BRAND NAME: Diflucan DRUG CLASS: Antifungal agent DRUG USE: Candidiasis; cryptoccal meningitis DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral suspension; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk (≥400 mg/day) NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100-200 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; headache; rash; diarrhea; taste changes CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to finasteride or any component of the formulation; pregnancy or patients who may potentially be pregnant. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Diprivan
89
fluoxetine
BRAND NAME: Prozac; Sarafem DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; bulimia nervosa; major depressive disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder; panic disorder; premenstrual dysphoric disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; DR capsule; tablet; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-80 mg PO q.a.m. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Decreased libido; anorexia; diarrhea; nausea, xerostomia; sexual disorder; anxiety; asthenia; drowsiness; headache; insomnia; nervousness; tremor; yawning; pharyngitis; diaphoresis; pruritus; skin rash; constipation; dyspepsia; flatulence; vomiting, ejaculatory disorder; erectile dysfunction; abnormal dreams; dizziness; flu like symptoms CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to fluoxetine or any component of the formulation; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently, within 5 weeks of discontinuing fluoxetine, or within 2 weeks of discontinuing the MAOI); initiation of fluoxetine in a patient receiving IV methylene blue; use with pimozide or thioridazine (Note: Thioridazine should not be initiated until 5 weeks after the discontinuation of fluoxetine). BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: DULoxetine, PARoxetine, PriLOSEC, Prograf, Provera
90
fluticasone + salmeterol
BRAND NAME: Advair Diskus; Advair HFA DRUG CLASS: Beta2-adrenergic agonist + corticosteroid combination DRUG USE: Asthma, maintenance/controller; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) DOSAGE FORM(S): Diskus; metered dose inhaler DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Fluticasone: Compatible Salmeterol: Limited human data—Probably compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 dose q12h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; upper respiratory tract infection; pneumonia; pharyngitis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to fluticasone, salmeterol, or any component of the formulation; status asthmaticus; acute episodes of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins (Advair Diskus, AirDuo Digihaler, AirDuo RespiClick, Wixela Inhub). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Advicor
91
fluticasone inhalation
BRAND NAME: Flovent Diskus; Flovent HFA DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid DRUG USE: Asthma, maintenance/controller DOSAGE FORM(S): Diskus; metered dose inhaler DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Diskus: 1-2 puffs b.i.d. HFA: 2-4 puffs b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; epistaxis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to fluticasone or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
92
fluticasone intranasal
BRAND NAME: Flonase Allergy Relief DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid DRUG USE: Rhinitis; rhinosinusitis DOSAGE FORM(S): Nasal suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: One spray into each nostril q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; epistaxis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to fluticasone or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Flovent
93
fluvoxamine
BRAND NAME: Luvox DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) DRUG USE: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100-300 mg q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Anorexia; diarrhea; nausea; xerostomia; asthenia; dizziness; drowisness; headache; insomnia; nervousness CONTRAINDICATION: Concurrent use with alosetron, pimozide, thioridazine, or tizanidine; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either fluvoxamine or the MAOI); initiation of fluvoxamine in a patient receiving IV methylene blue. BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: flavoxATE, fluPHENAZine, Lasix
94
folic acid
BRAND NAME: Folvite DRUG CLASS: Water-soluble vitamin DRUG USE: Folate deficiency DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; injection solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Flushing; malaise; erythema; pruritus; skin rash; bronchospasm CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to folic acid or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: folinic acid (leucovorin calcium)
95
furosemide
BRAND NAME: Lasix DRUG CLASS: Loop diuretic DRUG USE: Edema DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution; injection solution; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 40-120 mg PO divided q.d.-b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; nausea; muscle cramps; hypokalemia; rash; hypomagnesemia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to furosemide or any component of the formulation; anuria. BOXED WARNING: Furosemide is a potent diuretic that, if given in excessive amounts, can lead to a profound diuresis with water and electrolyte depletion. MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Luvox, Wakix
96
gabapentin
BRAND NAME: Neurontin DRUG CLASS: GABA analog DRUG USE: Postherpetic neuralgia; focal (partial) onset seizures DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; ER tablet; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 300-1200 mg PO t.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Viral infection; ataxia; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; edema; constipation; diarrhea; nausea; xerostomia; asthenia; emotional liability; hostility; tremor; muscle pain CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to gabapentin or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: gemfibrozil, Motrin, Noroxin
97
gemfibrozil
BRAND NAME: Lopid DRUG CLASS: Fibric acid DRUG USE: Hypertriglyceridemia DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1200 mg two divided doses COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dyspepsia, fatigue; abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to gemfibrozil or any component of the formulation; hepatic or severe renal dysfunction; primary biliary cirrhosis; preexisting gallbladder disease; concurrent use with dasabuvir, repaglinide, selexipag, or simvastatin. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: gabapentin
98
glimepiride
BRAND NAME: Amaryl DRUG CLASS: Sulfonylurea DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-2 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; dizziness; nausea; flu-like symptoms CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to glimepiride, any component of the formulation, or sulfonamides. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Reminyl
99
glipizide
BRAND NAME: Glucotrol; Glucotrol XL DRUG CLASS: Sulfonylurea DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5-15 mg PO q.d.-b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; constipation; diarrhea; dyspepsia; flatuence; nausea; vomiting, dizziness; nervousness; tremor CONTRAINDICATION: Known hypersensitivity to glipizide, sulfonamide derivatives, or any component of the formulation; type 1 diabetes mellitus; diabetic ketoacidosis (with or without coma). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: glyBURIDE, Glycotrol
100
glyburide
BRAND NAME: DiaBeta DRUG CLASS: Sulfonylurea DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5 mg to 5 mg q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; nausea; pruritus; erythema; urticaria; photosensitivity CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to glyburide or any component of the formulation; type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis, with or without coma; concomitant use with bosentan. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: glipiZIDE
101
guanfacine
BRAND NAME: Tenex; Intuniv DRUG CLASS: Alpha2-adrenergic agonist DRUG USE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.5-2 mg PO q.h.s. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Constipation; xerostomia; dizziness; drowsiness; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to guanfacine or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: guaiFENesin, Xanax
102
haloperidol
BRAND NAME: Haldol DRUG CLASS: First generation (typical) antipsychotic DRUG USE: Behavioral disorders; hyperactivity; schizophrenia; Tourette syndrome DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral concentrate; injection solution; IM solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abdominal pain; constipation; drowsiness; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to haloperidol or any component of the formulation; Parkinson disease; severe CNS depression; coma; dementia with Lewy bodies. BOXED WARNING: Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia related psychosis MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
103
heparin
BRAND NAME: Heparin sodium DRUG CLASS: Anticoagulant DRUG USE: Anticoagulation DOSAGE FORM(S): IV solution; injection solution; prefilled syringe DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage; 5,000 to 40,000 units over a period of time COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Vasospasm; alopecia; hyperkalmia; priapism; hemorrhage; deep vein thrombosis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to heparin or any component of the formulation (unless a life-threatening situation necessitates use and use of an alternative anticoagulant is not possible); severe thrombocytopenia; history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis; uncontrolled active bleeding (except when this is due to disseminated intravascular coagulation); not for use when appropriate blood coagulation tests cannot be obtained at appropriate intervals (applies to full-dose heparin only). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Hespan
104
hydralazine
BRAND NAME: Apresoline DRUG CLASS: Vasodilator DRUG USE: Hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; injection solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg po q.i.d., increase to 25 mg PO q.i.d., then increase to 50 mg PO q.i.d., maintenance dose should be the lowest amount possible COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Acute myocardial infarction; angina pectoris; edema flushing; hypotension; myocardial stimulation; palpitations; paradoxical response to antihypertensive; tachycardia; pruritus; skin rash; urticaria; anorexia; constipation; diarrhea; nausea; paralytic ileus; vomiting; difficulty in micturition; agranulocytosis eosinophilia; leukopenia; lymphadenopathy; purpuric disease; splenomegaly; hepatitis; chills; dizziness; headache; peripheral neuropathy; psychotic reaction (including anxiety, depression, disorientation; euphoria; hypomania; nervousness; arthralgia; muscle cramps; tremor; conjunctivitis; lacrimation; dyspnea; nasal congestion CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydralazine or any component of the formulation; coronary artery disease; mitral valve rheumatic heart disease. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: hydroCHLOROthiazide, HYDROmorphone, hydrOXYzine
105
hydrochlorothiazide
BRAND NAME: Microzide; Esidrix DRUG CLASS: Thiazide diuretic DRUG USE: Hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 12.5-50 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypotension; alopecia; skin rash; urticaria; hypomagnesemia; abdominal cramps; anorexia; constipations; diarrhea; gastric irration; nausea; vomiting; dizziness; headache; muscle spasm CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydrochlorothiazide, any component of the formulation, or sulfonamide-derived drugs; anuria. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: hydraALAZINE, hydrOXYzine, hydroxychloroquine, Microzide, Maxzide, Micronase
106
hydrochlorothiazide + irbesartan
BRAND NAME: Avalide DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin II receptor blocker + thiazide diuretic combination DRUG USE: Hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 150 mg/12.5 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; fatigue; hypokalemia; nausea; vomiting; musculoskeletal pain CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, sulfonamide derived-drugs or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes; anuria. BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
107
hydrochlorothiazide + losartan
BRAND NAME: Hyzaar DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin II receptor blocker + thiazide diuretic combination DRUG USE: Hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Strength varies; generally 1 tablet q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; back pain; upper respiratory tract infection CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to losartan, hydrochlorothiazide, sulfonamide-derived drugs, or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus; anuria. BOXED WARNING: Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue therapy as soon as possible. MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
108
hydrochlorothiazide + triamterene
BRAND NAME: Dyazide; Maxzide DRUG CLASS: Potassium-sparing diuretic + thiazide diuretic combination DRUG USE: Hypertension; edema DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-2 tablets or capsules PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Arrhythmia; orthostatic hypotension; skin rash; urticaria; acidosis; diabetes mellitus; hypercalcemia; hyperglycemia; hyperkalemia; hyperuricemia; hypochloremia; hypokalemia; abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; nausea; pancreatitis; sialadenitis; vomiting; xerostomia; glycosuria; impotence; urine sedimentation abnormality; leukopenia; megaloblastic anemia; purpuric disease; thrombocytopenia; jaundice; liver enzyme disorder; anaphylaxis; asthenia; dizziness; fatigue; headache; Lupus-like syndrome (subacute cutaneous); muscle cramps Renal: Acute kidney injury; increased blood urea nitrogen; increased serum creatinine; interstitial nephritis; nephrolithiasis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydrochlorothiazide, triamterene, sulfonamide-derived drugs, or any component of the formulation; anuria; acute and chronic renal insufficiency or significant renal impairment; patients receiving other potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium-containing salt substitute, or potassium supplements (except in severe cases of hypokalemia); preexisting hyperkalemia. BOXED WARNING: Hyperkalemia MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
109
hydrocodone + chlorpheniramine
BRAND NAME: Tussionex Pennkinetic DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic + histamine H1 antagonist combination DRUG USE: Cough and upper respiratory tract symptoms DOSAGE FORM(S): Oral suspension; ER capsule DEA SCHEDULE: II HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5 mL to 5 mL COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Chest tightness; agitation; anxiety; diaphoresis; erythema; urticaria; nausea; vomiting; dry throat; wheezing CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydrocodone, chlorpheniramine, or any component of the formulation; pediatric patients
110
hydrocortisone
BRAND NAME: Cortef; Cortizone; Hytone; Cortenema; Proctocort DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid DRUG USE: Adrenal insufficiency; allergic conditions; dermatoses; ulcerative colitis; respiratory diseases; rheumatic disorders DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; cream; ointment; lotion; gel; foam; suppository; enema; injection solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Weight gain; nausea; vomiting; fluid retention; headache; dizziness; glucose intolerance CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone or any component of the formulation; systemic fungal infections. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
111
hydroxychloroquine
BRAND NAME: Plaquenil DRUG CLASS: Antimalarial agent; antirheumatic DRUG USE: Lupus; rheumatoid arthritis; malaria DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 200-400 mg q.d.- b.i.d. Take with food or milk COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; ataxia; headache; abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; vision changes, sick sinus syndrome; weight loss; bronchospasm CONTRAINDICATION: Known hypersensitivity to hydroxychloroquine, 4-aminoquinoline derivatives, or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: hydroxychloroquine
112
hydroxyzine
BRAND NAME: Vistaril DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist, first generation DRUG USE: Anxiety; pruritus/urticaria; nausea/vomiting DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; oral syrup; IM solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 25-100 mg PO q4-6h p.r.n. 25-100 mg IM q4-6h p.r.n. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowiness; xerostomia; respiratory depression CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine, cetirizine, levocetirizine, or any component of the formulation; early pregnancy; prolonged QT interval. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: hydraALAZINE, hydroCHLOROthiazide, Hydrogesic, HYDROmorphone, hydroxyurea
113
ibandronate
BRAND NAME: Boniva DRUG CLASS: Bisphosphonate derivative DRUG USE: Postmenopausal osteoporosis DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypertension; skin rash; abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; dyspepsia; nausea; flu-like symptoms; headache; arthralgia; back pan; limb pain; nasopharyngitis CONTRAINDICATION: Abnormalities of the esophagus that delay esophageal emptying, such as stricture or achalasia; hypocalcemia; inability to stand or sit upright for at least 60 minutes; known hypersensitivity to ibandronate or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
114
ibuprofen
BRAND NAME: Advil; Motrin DRUG CLASS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) DRUG USE: Fever; pain; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; chewable tablet; oral suspension; IV solution; cream DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 300-800 mg t.i.d.-q.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Decreased hemoglobin; edema; rash; dyspepsia; heartburn; nausea; vomiting; dizziness CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ibuprofen or any component of the formulation; history of asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions to aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; use in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. BOXED WARNING: Cardiovascular risk; GI risk MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
115
imipramine
BRAND NAME: Tofranil DRUG CLASS: Tricyclic antidepressant DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder; childhood enuresis DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 75 mg q.d. increased to 200 mg/day COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Confusion; disorientation; delusion; anxiety; restlessness; agitation; insomnia; numbness; tingling; dry mouth; blurred vision; constipation; skin rash; itching; edema; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; effect on blood sugar CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to imipramine (cross-reactivity with other dibenzodiazepines may occur) or any component of the formulation; acute recovery period after a myocardial infarction (MI); use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either imipramine or the MAOI); initiation in patients receiving IV methylene blue. BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
116
insulin aspart
BRAND NAME: NovoLog DRUG CLASS: Rapid-acting insulin DRUG USE: Diabetes, types 1 and 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): Injection solution; pen-injector DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage given SC/IV b.i.d.-q.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; headache; antibody development; nasopharyngitis; viral respiratory tract infection CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to insulin aspart or any component of the formulation; during episodes of hypoglycemia. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: HumaLOG, NovoLIN
117
insulin degludec
BRAND NAME: Tresiba; Tresiba Flex Touch DRUG CLASS: Long-acting insulin DRUG USE: Diabetes, types 1 and 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): SC solution; pen-injector DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage SC q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; headache; antibody development; nasopharyngitis; viral respiratory tract infection CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to insulin degludec or any component of the formulation; during episodes of hypoglycemia. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
118
insulin detemir
BRAND NAME: Levemir DRUG CLASS: Long-acting insulin DRUG USE: Diabetes, types 1 and 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): SC solution; pen-injector DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage given SC q.d.- b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; headache; antibody development; nasopharyngitis; viral respiratory tract infection; diarrhea CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to insulin detemir or any component of the formulation; during episodes of hypoglycemia. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Lovenox
119
insulin glargine
BRAND NAME: Lantus; Basaglar; Toujeo DRUG CLASS: Long-acting insulin DRUG USE: Diabetes, types 1 and 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): SC solution; pen-injector DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage given SC q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; headache; antibody development; nasopharyngitis; viral respiratory tract infection CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to insulin glargine or any component of the formulation; during episodes of hypoglycemia. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Latuda, Lente
120
insulin isophane
BRAND NAME: HumuLIN; NovoLIN N DRUG CLASS: Intermediate-acting insulin DRUG USE: Diabetes, types 1 and 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): SC suspension; pen-injector DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage given COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; injection site pruritus; hypoglycemia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to insulin NPH or any component of the formulation; during periods of hypoglycemia. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: HumaLOG, NovoLIN
121
insulin lispro
BRAND NAME: HumaLOG DRUG CLASS: Rapid-acting insulin DRUG USE: Diabetes, types 1 and 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): Injection solution; pen-injector DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage given SC/IV b.i.d.-q.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; injection site reaction; nasopharyngitis; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to insulin lispro or any component of the formulation; during episodes of hypoglycemia. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: HumuLIN, NovoLOG
122
irbesartan
BRAND NAME: Avapro DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) DRUG USE: Hypertension; diabetic proteinuric chronic kidney disease DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 75 mg q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hyperkalemia; dizziness; orthostatic hypotension fatigue; diarrhea CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to irbesartan or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes. BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
123
isosorbide mononitrate
BRAND NAME: Imdur DRUG CLASS: Vasodilator DRUG USE: Angina pectoris prevention DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20 mg b.i.d. or 30-120 mg ER q.a.m. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; dizziness; nausea CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to isosorbide mononitrate, other nitrates or nitrites, or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil) or riociguat. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
124
ketamine
BRAND NAME: Ketalar DRUG CLASS: Antidepressant; general anesthetic DRUG USE: Anesthesia DOSAGE FORM(S): Injection solution; prefilled syringe; IV prefilled syringe DEA SCHEDULE: III HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Given as a single dose COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Prolonged emergence from anethesia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ketamine or any component of the formulation; conditions in which an increase in blood pressure would be hazardous. BOXED WARNING: Respiratory depression MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: ketorolac
125
ketoconazole
BRAND NAME: Nizoral; Nizoral A-D DRUG CLASS: Antifungal DRUG USE: Systemic fungal infections DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; cream; foam; shampoo; gel DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 200-400 PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; dizziness; nervousness; fatigue CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ketoconazole or any component of the formulation; coadministration with dofetilide, quinidine, pimozide, cisapride, methadone, disopyramide, dronedarone, ergot alkaloids (eg, dihydroergotamine, ergometrine, ergotamine, methylergometrine), irinotecan, lurasidone, oral midazolam, alprazolam, triazolam, felodipine, nisoldipine, ranolazine, tolvaptan, eplerenone, lovastatin, simvastatin, or colchicine; acute or chronic liver disease. BOXED WARNING: Appropriate use: not indicated for the treatment of onychomycosis, cutaneous dermatophyte infections, or Candida infections; use ketoconazol only when other effective antifungal therapy is not available or tolerated and the potential benefits are considered to outweigh the potential risks; hepatotoxicity; QT prolongation and drug interactions leading to QT prolongation MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
126
labetalol
BRAND NAME: Trandate DRUG CLASS: Beta-blocker with alpha-blocking activity DRUG USE: Hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; IV solution; IV prefilled syringe DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100-400 mg PO b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; nausea; hypotension CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis) to labetalol or any component of the formulation; bronchial asthma or obstructive airway disease; decompensated heart failure; heart block greater than first degree; cardiogenic shock; severe bradycardia; nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: laMICtal, lamoTRIgine
127
lamotrigine
BRAND NAME: Lamictal; Lamictal XR DRUG CLASS: Antiseizure agent DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; seizures DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; chewable tablet; ODT; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Maternal benefit >> embryo–fetal risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Varies based on diagnosis COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; skin rash; xeroderma, abdominal pain; constipation; vomiting; dizziness; back pain CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, rash, angioedema, acute urticaria, extensive pruritus, mucosal ulceration) to lamotrigine or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: Serious skin rashes MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: lamiVUDine, levETIRAcetam, levothyroxine, labetalol, Lamisil
128
lansoprazole
BRAND NAME: Prevacid DRUG CLASS: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) DRUG USE: Duodenal and gastric ulcers; GERD; Helicobacter pylori eradication; pathological hypersecretory conditions DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; DR capsule; oral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 15-30 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abdominal pain; constipation; diarrhea; nausea; dizziness; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, urticaria) to lansoprazole or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with products that contain rilpivirine. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
129
latanoprost
BRAND NAME: Xalatan DRUG CLASS: Ophthalmic prostaglandin DRUG USE: Elevated intraocular pressure DOSAGE FORM(S): Ophthalmic solution; ophthalmic emulsion DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 gtt in eye q.p.m. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abnormal sensation in eyes; conjunctival hyperemia; eye discharge; eye irritation; eye pain; increased eyelash length; stinging of the eyes CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to latanoprost, benzalkonium chloride, or any component of the product. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
130
levetiracetam
BRAND NAME: Keppra; Keppra XR DRUG CLASS: Antiseizure agent DRUG USE: Focal (onset) and generalized seizures DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ODT; oral solution; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 500-1500 mg PO/IV q12hr ER: 1000-000 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Increased blood pressure; vomiting; asthenia; behavior changes; drowsiness; fatigue; nausea; cough; nasal congestion CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to levetiracetam or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Kaletra, KEflex, lamoTRIgine, levOCARNitine, levoFLOXacin
131
levocetirizine
BRAND NAME: Xyzal DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist DRUG USE: Allergic rhinitis; urticaria DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5-5 mg PO q.p.m. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; drowsiness; fatigue; constipation; vomiting; nasopharyngitis CONTRAINDICATION: Known hypersensitivity to levocetirizine, cetirizine, or any component of the formulation; end-stage renal disease (CrCl less than 10 mL/min); patients undergoing hemodialysis; children 6 months to 11 years of age with renal impairment. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
132
levofloxacin
BRAND NAME: Levaquin DRUG CLASS: Fluoroquinolone antibiotic DRUG USE: Anthrax inhalational; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); plague; pneumonia, prostatitis; rhinosinusitis; skin and soft tissue infection; urinary tract infection DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated (use only if no other alternatives) NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 250-750 mg q24h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; rash; headache; dizziness CONTRAINDICATION: Patients over 60 years old; QT prolongation; aortic aneurysm HX; HTN; preip vascular. BOXED WARNING: May increase risk of tendonitis and tendon ruptures; exacerbation of myasthenia gravis MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: levETIRAcetam, Lariam
133
levothyroxine
BRAND NAME: Synthroid; Levoxyl DRUG CLASS: Thyroid product DRUG USE: Hypothyroidism; pituitary thyrotropin-stimulating hormone suppression DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; oral solution; IV solution; injection solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Increased blood pressure; weight loss; diarrhea; vomiting; fatigue; headache; dyspnea CONTRAINDICATION: Uncorrected adrenal insufficiency(Ref); hypersensitivity to glycerol (Ermeza, Tirosint-SOL oral solution) and edetate disodium (Ermeza). BOXED WARNING: Not to be used for weight loss MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: lamoTRigine, Lanoxin, liothyronine
134
liraglutide
BRAND NAME: Saxenda; Victoza DRUG CLASS: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; chronic weight management DOSAGE FORM(S): Pen-injector DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1.2-1.8 mg SC q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Increased heart rate; hypoglycemia; constipation; diarrhea; gastroenteritis; nausea; vomiting; headache; dizziness; fatigue; fever CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylactic reactions, angioedema) to liraglutide or any component of the formulation; history of or family history of MTC; patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2); pregnancy (Saxenda). BOXED WARNING: Thyroid C-cell tumor risk MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
135
lisdexamfetamine
BRAND NAME: Vyvanse DRUG CLASS: Central nervous system stimulant DRUG USE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); binge eating disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; chewable tablet DEA SCHEDULE: II HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human and animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 30-70 mg PO q.a.m. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Decreased appetite; upper abdominal pain; xerostamia; insomnia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to amphetamine products or any component of the formulation; concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), including linezolid or IV methylene blue, or within 14 days of the last MAOI dose. BOXED WARNING: Abuse, misuse, and addiction MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
136
lisinopril
BRAND NAME: Prinivil; Zestril DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor DRUG USE: Hypertension; heart failure; ST-elevation myocardial infarction DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; hypotension CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to lisinopril, other ACE inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor; hereditary or idiopathic angioedema; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus; coadministration with or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril). BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
137
lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide
BRAND NAME: Zestoretic; Prinzide DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) + thiazide diuretic combination DRUG USE: Hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-2 tablets PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; headache; fatigue; cough CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, sulfonamide-derived drugs, or any component of the formulation; angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor; idiopathic or hereditary angioedema; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus; coadministration with or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril); anuria. BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
138
lithium
BRAND NAME: Lithobid DRUG CLASS: Antimanic agent DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; ER tablet; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR: 600-1800 mg/D divided b.i.d.-t.i.d. ER: 900-1200 mg/D divided b.i.d.-t.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Tremor; polyuria; cognitive impairment; blurred vision; dizziness CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to lithium or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: Potential Lithium toxicity, monitor levels MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Ultram
139
loratadine
BRAND NAME: Claritin DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist DRUG USE: Allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis; urticaria DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; solution; ODT DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to loratadine or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Clairspray
140
lorazepam
BRAND NAME: Ativan DRUG CLASS: Benzodiazepine DRUG USE: Anxiety DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule; oral concentrate; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: IV HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-6 mg q.d. IM/IV b.i.d.-t.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; sedated state, asthenia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to lorazepam or any component of the formulation, or other benzodiazepines (cross-sensitivity with other benzodiazepines may exist); acute narrow-angle glaucoma. BOXED WARNING: Risks from concomitant use with opioids; Abuse, misuse, and addiction, Dependence and withdrawal reactions MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: ALPRAZolam, clonzaePAM, Lovaza
141
losartan
BRAND NAME: Cozaar DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) DRUG USE: Hypertension; diabetic proteinuric chronic kidney disease DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-100 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypotension; hyperkalemia; hypoglycemia; cough; respiratory tract infection CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to losartan or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes. BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Colace, Zocor
142
lovastatin
BRAND NAME: Mevacor DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) DRUG USE: Dyslipidemia; hyperlididemia; prevention of atheroscleroic cardiovascular disease DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-80 mg PO q.p.m. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Infection; increased creatine phosphokinase; constipation; diarrhea; flatuence; headache; pain CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to lovastatin or any component of the formulation; active liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis; coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and erythromycin. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Benicar
143
meclizine
BRAND NAME: Antivert DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist DRUG USE: Motion sickness; vertigo DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; chewable tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 25-100 mg per day in divided doses COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Vomiting; anaphylaxis; drowsiness; fatigue; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to meclizine or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Axert
144
meloxicam
BRAND NAME: Mobic DRUG CLASS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) DRUG USE: Juvenile arthritis; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; oral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 7.5-15 mg COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dyspepsia; nausea; abdominal pain; dizziness; headache; rash; constipation CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to meloxicam or any component of the formulation; history of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs; use in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft surgery; phenylketonuria (orally disintegrating tablet only). BOXED WARNING: Serious cardiovascular thrombotic events; Serious gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcerations, and perforation MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
145
memantine
BRAND NAME: Namenda; Namenda XR DRUG CLASS: N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist DRUG USE: Alzheimer disease DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution; ER capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR: 10 mg PO b.i.d. ER 28 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypertension; weight gain; constipation; diarrhea; vomiting; anxiety; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; cough CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to memantine or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: methadone
146
metformin
BRAND NAME: Glucophage; Glucophage XR DRUG CLASS: Biguanide DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 500-1000 mg PO b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; flatulence CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to metformin or any component of the formulation; severe renal dysfunction (eGFR
147
metformin + sitagliptin
BRAND NAME: Janumet; Janumet XR DRUG CLASS: Biguanide + dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor combination DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Janumet =1 dose b.i.d. Janumet XR 1 dose q.h.s. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; vomiting; abdominal pain; headache; upper respiratory tract infection CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to sitagliptin, metformin, or any component of the formulation; severe renal impairment (eGFR less than 30 mL/minute/1.73 m2); acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis. BOXED WARNING: Lactic acidosis MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Jantoven, Januvia, Sinemet,
148
methocarbamol
BRAND NAME: Robaxin DRUG CLASS: Skeletal muscle relaxant DRUG USE: Muscle spasm DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; injection solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1000 mg PO q.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Flushing; pruritus; dyspepsia; nausea; vomiting; insomnia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to methocarbamol or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
149
methotrexate
BRAND NAME: Rheumatrex; Otrexup DRUG CLASS: Antimetabolite; immunosuppressant agent DRUG USE: Leukemia; lymphoma; neoplasia; rheumatoid arthritis; psoriasis DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral solution; injection solution; auto-injector DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes PREGNANCY WARNING: Contradicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Each dose is individualized COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; nausea; oral mouth ulcers; vomiting; increased liver enzymes; dizziness; fatigue; headache; cough CONTRAINDICATION: History of severe hypersensitivity (including anaphylaxis) to methotrexate or any component of the formulation; breastfeeding (product specific; refer to manufacturer's labeling). Additional contraindications for patients with psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, or polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: pregnancy, alcohol use disorder, alcoholic liver disease or other chronic liver disease, immunodeficiency syndromes (overt or laboratory evidence); preexisting blood dyscrasias (eg, bone marrow hypoplasia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, significant anemia). BOXED WARNING: Serious adverse reactions, including death, have been reported with methotrexate. Closely monitor for infections and adverse reactions of the bone marrow, GI tract, liver, lungs, skin, and kidneys. MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
150
methylphenidate
BRAND NAME: Concerta; Ritalin DRUG CLASS: Central nervous system stimulant DRUG USE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); narcolepsy DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; transdermal patch; oral solution; oral suspension; chewable tablet; ER chewable tablet; ER ODT DEA SCHEDULE: II HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Concerta: 18-54 mg 5, 10, 20, 40 mg COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Decreased appetite; nausea; xerostomia; headache; insomnia; irritability CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, anaphylaxis) to methylphenidate or any component of the formulation; use during or within 14 days following monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy. BOXED WARNING: Abuse, misuse, and addiction MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: methadone
151
methylprednisolone
BRAND NAME: Medrol DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid DRUG USE: Anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant agent DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; injection solution; injection suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 4-48 mg per day, divided q.d.-q.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Fluid retention; glucose impact; increased appetite; increased INR CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to methylprednisolone or any component of the formulation; live or attenuated virus vaccines (with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids); systemic fungal infections. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: medroxyPROGESTERone, methylTESTOSTERone
152
metoprolol
BRAND NAME: Lopressor; Toprol XL DRUG CLASS: Beta-blocker DRUG USE: Angina; heart failure; hypertension; myocardial infarction DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-100 mg PO b.i.d. or 50-200 mg ER PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypotension; bradycardia; pruritus; diarrhea; depression; dizziness; fatigue CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to metoprolol, any component of the formulation, or other beta-blockers; second- or third-degree heart block (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker). BOXED WARNING: Ischemic heart disease (metoprolol tartrate) MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Lyrica
153
metronidazole
BRAND NAME: Flagyl; Flagyl ER DRUG CLASS: Antibiotic DRUG USE: Amebiasis; bone and joint infections; CNS infections; endocarditis; gynecologic infections; intra-abdominal infections; lower respiratory tract infections; sepsis; skin and skin structure infections; trichomoniasis DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; oral suspension; IV solution; cream; gel; vaginal gel; lotion DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 500 mg q8h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; headache; vaginitis; diarrhea; metalic taste; pruritus; bacterial infection; dizziness CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to metronidazole, nitroimidazole derivatives, or any component of the formulation; during the first trimester of pregnancy in patients with trichomoniasis (with the exception of Likmez); use of disulfiram within the last 2 weeks; use with alcohol or propylene glycol-containing products during therapy and for 3 days after therapy discontinuation; Cockayne syndrome. BOXED WARNING: Carcinogenic in mice and rats MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: metFORMIN
154
mirtazapine
BRAND NAME: Remeron; Remeron SolTab DRUG CLASS: Alpha-2 antagonist DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 15-45 mg PO q.h.s. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Increased serum cholesterol; weight gain; constipation; increased appetite; xerostomia; drowiness; abdominal dreams; dizziness CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, severe skin reactions, including drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, bullous dermatitis, erythema multiforme, and toxic epidermal necrolysis) to mirtazapine or to any component of the formulation; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), including IV methylene blue (concurrently or within 14 days of stopping an MAOI). BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Rozerem
155
montelukast
BRAND NAME: Singulair DRUG CLASS: Leukotriene-receptor antagonist DRUG USE: Allergic rhinitis; asthma; bronchoconstriction DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Probably compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; cough; diarrhea; nausea; dyspepsia; rash; anxiety; abdominal pain CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to montelukast or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: Serious neuropsychiatric events MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
156
morphine sulfate
BRAND NAME: Kadian; MS Contin DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic DRUG USE: Anesthesia; moderate to severe pain DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule; ER tablet; oral solution; suppository; injection solution; IV solution; prefilled syringe; IV prefilled syringe DEA SCHEDULE: II HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Varies based on diagnosis COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Bradycardia; tachycardia; hypertension; hypotension; edema; anxiety; confusion; drowsiness; fatigue; headache; insomnia; malaise; hyperhidrosis; dehydration; abdominal pain; anorexia; constipation; diarrhea; dysgeuia; nausea; anemia; weakness CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to the drug or known intolerance to other opioids or any components of the formulation; significant respiratory depression, acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment, GI obstruction, including paralytic ileus (known or suspected) (excluding fentanyl sublingual tablet/spray, opium, paregoric, remifentanil, sufentanil injection). BOXED WARNING: Addiction, abuse, and misuse; life-threatening respiratory depression; accidental ingestion/exposure; interactions with drugs affecting cytochrome P450 isoenzymes MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: KApidex
157
mupirocin
BRAND NAME: Bactroban DRUG CLASS: Antibiotic DRUG USE: Impetigo; secondary skin infection DOSAGE FORM(S): Cream; ointment DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Probably compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Apply topically b.i.d.-t.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; stinging sensation; pruritis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to mupirocin or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
158
naproxen
BRAND NAME: Aleve; Naprosyn; EC-Naprosyn DRUG CLASS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) DRUG USE: Anti-inflammatory; dysmenorrhea; pain and/or fever DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral suspension; DR tablet; ER tablet; cream DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR/DR: 250-500 mg PO q12h ER 750-1000 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dyspepsia; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to naproxen (eg, anaphylactic reactions, serious skin reactions) or any component of the formulation; use in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft surgery; history of asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. BOXED WARNING: Serious cardiovascular thrombotic events; serious gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcerations, and perforation MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
159
nebivolol
BRAND NAME: Bystolic DRUG CLASS: Beta-blocker DRUG USE: Hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg PO QG COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; fatigue dizziness; nausea; diarrhea CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to nebivolol any component of the formulation; severe bradycardia; heart block greater than first degree (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); cardiogenic shock; decompensated cardiac failure; sick sinus syndrome (unless a permanent pacemaker is in place); severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
160
nifedipine
BRAND NAME: Procardia; Procardia XL; Nifedical XL; Adalat CC DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker DRUG USE: Angina; hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-20 mg PO t.i.d. or 30-90 mg ER PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Flushing; edema; heartburn; nausea; dizziness; headache; asthenia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to nifedipine or any component of the formulation(Ref); concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inducers (eg, rifampin) (ER Adalat only); cardiogenic shock (ER Adalat only). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: niCARdipine, niMODipine, Protain XL
161
nitrofurantoin
BRAND NAME: Furadantin; Macrobid; Macrodantin DRUG CLASS: Antibiotic DRUG USE: Cystitis DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; oral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100 mg q12h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Flatulence; nausea; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to the drug or any component of the formulation; anuria, oliguria, or significant impairment of renal function (CrCl
162
nitroglycerin sublingual
BRAND NAME: NitroStat Sublingual DRUG CLASS: Vasodilator DRUG USE: Angina DOSAGE FORM(S): SL tablet; SL spray DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 dose SL q5MIN up to 3 doses COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; syncope; dizziness; flushing; hypotension CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to nitroglycerin, other nitrates or nitrites, or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors (eg, avanafil, sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil); concurrent use with soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators (eg, riociguat); acute circulatory failure or shock; early myocardial infarction; increased intracranial pressure; severe anemia. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
163
norethindrone
BRAND NAME: Camila; Errin; Jolivette DRUG CLASS: Progestin contraceptive DRUG USE: Contraception DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contradicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.35 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Deep vein thrombosis; edema; pulmonary embolism; weight changes; nausea; vomiting CONTRAINDICATION: Progestin-only oral contraceptives should not be used by women who currently have the following conditions: Known or suspected pregnancy; known or suspected carcinoma of the breast; undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding; hypersensitivity to any component of this product; benign or malignant liver tumors; acute liver disease. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
164
nortriptyline
BRAND NAME: Pamelor DRUG CLASS: Tricyclic antidepressant DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-150 mg PO q.h.s. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; flushing; priritus; weight changes; constipation; diarrhea; nausea; anxiety CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to nortriptyline and similar chemical class dibenzazepines, or any component of the formulation; use in a patient during the acute recovery phase of myocardial infarction (MI); use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either nortriptyline or the MAOI); initiation of nortriptyline in a patient receiving IV methylene blue. BOXED WARNING: Suicidality in children and adolescents MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Panlor DC, Tambocor
165
olanzapine
BRAND NAME: Zyprexa DRUG CLASS: Second Generation (atypical) antipsychotic DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; major depressive disorder; schizophrenia DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT; IM solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Maternal benefit >> embryo–fetal risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-20 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Orthostatic hypotension; hypercholesterolemia; hyperprolactinemia; weight gain; constipation; dypepsia; increased appetite; xerostomia; akathisia; headache CONTRAINDICATION: There are no contraindications listed in the manufacturer's labeling. BOXED WARNING: Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: QUEtiapine, CeleXA, Reprexain, Zestril, ZyrTEC
166
omega-3 fatty acids
BRAND NAME: Lovaza DRUG CLASS: Omega-3 fatty acids DRUG USE: Dietary supplement; hypertriglyceridemia DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 4 mg PO in divided doses q.d. or b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dysgeusia; dyspepsia; eructation CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylactic reaction) to omega-3 fatty acids or any component of formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: LORaxepam
167
omeprazole
BRAND NAME: Prilosec DRUG CLASS: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) DRUG USE: GERD; heartburn; gastric ulcer; Heliobacter pylori eradication; peptic ulcer disease; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome DOSAGE FORM(S): DR capsule; DR tablet; DR ODT DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; headache; abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; flatulence; dizziness; rash; upper respiratory infection CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, urticaria) to omeprazole, other substituted benzimidazole proton pump inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with products that contain rilpivirine. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: fomepizole, Pristiq, PROzac
168
ondansetron
BRAND NAME: Zofran DRUG CLASS: Selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist DRUG USE: Nausea and/or vomiting DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT; oral solution; prefilled syringe; injection solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 4-8 mg PO/IV q8h p.r.n. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Constipation; fatigue; headache; malaise; diarrhea CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ondansetron or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with apomorphine. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
169
oseltamivir
BRAND NAME: Tamiflu DRUG CLASS: Antiviral agent DRUG USE: Influenza treatment and prophylaxis DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; oral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Maternal benefit >> embryo–fetal risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 75 mg b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to oseltamivir or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
170
oxcarbazepine
BRAND NAME: Trileptal; Oxtellar XR DRUG CLASS: Antiseizure agent DRUG USE: Focal seizures DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 600 mg PO b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hyponatremia; nausea; vomiting; ataxia; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; vertigo CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine acetate, or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: carBAMzaepine, oxaprozin
171
oxybutynin
BRAND NAME: Ditropan XL DRUG CLASS: Urinary antispasmodic agent DRUG USE: Overactive bladder DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR: 5mg PO b.i.d.-t.i.d. ER: 5-15 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Constipation; nausea; xerostomia; pruritus; dizziness; drowsiness CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to oxybutynin or any component of the formulation; patients with or at risk for uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma; urinary retention, gastric retention or conditions with severely decreased GI motility. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: oxyCODONE, OxyCONTIN, OxyMORphone, Diprivan
172
oxycodone
BRAND NAME: OxyContin; Roxicodone DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic DRUG USE: Moderate to severe pain DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; tablet; ER capsule; ER tablet; oral concentrate; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: II HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Pruritus; donstipation; nausea; vomiting; dizziness; drowsiness; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to oxycodone or any component of the formulation; significant respiratory depression; hypercapnia; acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment; GI obstruction, including paralytic ileus (known or suspected). BOXED WARNING: Addiction, abuse, and misuse; opioid analgesic risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS); life-threatening respiratory depression; accidental ingestion; neonatal opioid withdrawal; cytochrome P450 3A4 interaction; risks from concomitant use with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants; risk of medication errors (oral solution) MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: HYDROcodone, oxybutynin, ocyCODONE, oxyCONTIN, oxyMORphone, oxytocin, MS Contin
173
pantoprazole
BRAND NAME: Protonix DRUG CLASS: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) DRUG USE: GERD; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome DOSAGE FORM(S): DR tablet; packet; IV solution; oral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20 mg PO/IV q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, urticaria) to pantoprazole, other substituted benzimidazole proton pump inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; in combination with rilpivirine-containing products. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Lotronex, protamine
174
paroxetine
BRAND NAME: Paxil DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) DRUG USE: Generalized anxiety disorder; major depressive disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); panic disorder; posttraumatic stress disorder; premenstrual dysphoric disorder; social anxiety disorder; vasomotor symptoms of menopause DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; ER tablet; oral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-50 mg PO q.a.m. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarphoresis; decreased libido; constipation; decreased appetite; diarrhea; mausea; xerostomia; ejaculatory disorder; asthenia; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; insomnia; tremor CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to paroxetine or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with or within 14 days of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (including IV methylene blue); concomitant use with pimozide or thioridazine; pregnancy (Brisdelle only). BOXED WARNING: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: DULoxetine, FLUoxetine, piroxicam, Doxil, Plavix, Taxol, Trexall
175
phentermine
BRAND NAME: Adipex-P DRUG CLASS: Central nervous system stimulant DRUG USE: Weight management DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule DEA SCHEDULE: IV HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contradicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 15-37.5 mg PO q.a.m. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Palpitations; increased blood pressure; urticaria CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to phentermine, other sympathomimetic amines, or any component of the formulation; history of cardiovascular disease (eg, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, uncontrolled hypertension); hyperthyroidism; glaucoma; agitated states; history of drug abuse; coadministration with or within 14 days following the administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors; pregnancy; breastfeeding. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
176
phenytoin
BRAND NAME: Dilantin DRUG CLASS: Antiseizure agent DRUG USE: Seizure management DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; injection solution; oral suspension; chewable tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Maternal benefit and embryo–fetal risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100 mg PO t.i.d.; adjust to individual needs COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Constipation; nausea; vomiting; dizziness; headache; vertigo CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to phenytoin, other hydantoins, or any component of the formulation; concurrent use of delavirdine; history of prior acute hepatotoxicity attributable to phenytoin. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
177
pioglitazone
BRAND NAME: Actos DRUG CLASS: Thiazolidinedione DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 15-45 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; hypoglycemia; upper respiratory tract infection CONTRAINDICATION: Initiation in patients with established NYHA class III or IV heart failure; known hypersensitivity to pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, or any components of the formulations. BOXED WARNING: Congestive heart failure MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Actonel
178
potassium chloride
BRAND NAME: Klor-Con; Micro K DRUG CLASS: Electrolyte supplement DRUG USE: Hypokalemia DOSAGE FORM(S): ER capsule; ER tablet; oral solution; IV solution; packet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20-25 MEG PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diarrhea; flatulence; nausea; vomiting CONTRAINDICATION: Structural, pathological, and/or pharmacologic cause for delay or arrest in passage through the GI tract (solid oral dosage forms).(Ref) Note: The manufacturer's labeling states concomitant use of potassium sparing diuretics is contraindicated. While this combination should generally be avoided, in select patients under close medical supervision combined use of potassium supplements and potassium sparing diuretics may be considered. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
179
pramipexole
BRAND NAME: Mirapex DRUG CLASS: Dopamine agonist DRUG USE: Parkinson disease; restless legs syndrome DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: IR: 0.5-1.5 mg PO t.i.d. ER: 0.375-4.5 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Constipation; nausea; restless leg syndrome; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; insomnia CONTRAINDICATION: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Miralax
180
pravastatin
BRAND NAME: Pravachol DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) DRUG USE: Hypercholesterolemia; prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated—1st trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-80 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Musculoskeletal pain; upper respiratory tract infection; cough CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to pravastatin or any component of the formulation; active liver disease or decompensated cirrhosis. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
181
prednisolone
BRAND NAME: OraPred DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid DRUG USE: Anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant agent DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-60 mg /day divided q.d. q.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hirsutism; weight gain; erhythema; abdominal discomfort; rash; nausea; vomiting; fluid retention; dizziness; anxiety; depression CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to prednisolone or any component of the formulation; administration of live or attenuated virus vaccines (with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids); systemic fungal infections. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: predniSONE
182
prednisone
BRAND NAME: Deltasone; Sterapred DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid DRUG USE: Anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant agent DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; DR tablet; oral concentrate; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-60 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hirsutism; weight gain; erhythema; abdominal discomfort; rash; nausea; vomiting; fluid retention; dizziness; anxiety; depression CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to prednisone or to any component of the formulation; administration of live or live attenuated vaccines with immunosuppressive doses of prednisone; systemic fungal infections. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: prednisoLONE
183
pregabalin
BRAND NAME: Lyrica; Lyrica CR DRUG CLASS: GABA analog DRUG USE: Fibromyalgia; neuropathic pain; postherpetic neuralgia; seizures DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; ER tablet; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: V HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-100 mg PO t.i.d. CR: 165-330 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; weight gain; dizziness; drowiness; fatigue; headache; nausea CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema) to pregabalin or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Hydrea, Lopressor
184
progesterone
BRAND NAME: Prometrium; Crinone; Procheive; Endometrin DRUG CLASS: Progestin DRUG USE: Amenorrhea; prevention of estrogen therapy–associated endometrial hyperplasia DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; cream; vaginal gel; vaginal insert DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 200-400 mg PO q.h.s. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; nausea; depression; drowiness; insomnia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to progesterone or any component of the formulation, including peanuts/peanut oil; undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding; breast cancer (known, suspected, or history of); active DVT, PE, or history of these conditions; active or history of arterial thromboembolic disease (eg, stroke, MI); hepatic impairment or disease; pregnancy. BOXED WARNING: Cardiovascular disorders; probable dementia; breast cancer MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
185
promethazine
BRAND NAME: Phenergan DRUG CLASS: Histamine H1 antagonist DRUG USE: Motion sickness; nausea and vomiting DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; suppository; oral solution; injection solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 6.25 - 25 t.i.d. q.i.d. p.r.n. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to promethazine, other phenothiazines, or any component of the formulation; pediatric patients
186
propranolol
BRAND NAME: Inderal; Inderal LA DRUG CLASS: Beta-blocker DRUG USE: Angina; arrhythmias; essential tremor; hypertension; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; migraine; myocardial infarction; pheochromocytoma; proliferating infantile hemangioma DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule; oral solution; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 80-240 mg/day PO divided b.i.d.-t.i.d. or ER dosed q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Sleep disorder; bronchitis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to propranolol, beta-blockers, or any component of the formulation; cardiogenic shock; uncompensated heart failure (unless the failure is due to tachyarrhythmias being treated with propranolol); sick sinus syndrome (InnoPran XL and Inderal XL only), severe sinus bradycardia, or heart block greater than first degree (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); bronchial asthma. BOXED WARNING: Taper dose - do not stop abruptly MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Adderall
187
quetiapine
BRAND NAME: Seroquel; Seroquel XR DRUG CLASS: Second generation (atypical) antipsychotic DRUG USE: Bipolar disorder; major depressive disorder; schizophrenia DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Maternal benefit >> embryo–fetal risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 150-750 mg PO/day given b.i.d. - t.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Increased blood pressure; tachycardia; weight gain; Increased appetite; dizziness; drowsiness; headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to quetiapine or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis; suicidal thoughts and behavior MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: OLANZapine, Desyrel, Serzone, Sinequan
188
rabeprazole
BRAND NAME: AcipHex DRUG CLASS: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) DRUG USE: GERD; Heliobacter pylori eradication; pathological hypersecretory conditions; peptic ulcer disease DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Abdominal pain; diarrhea; vomiting CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, urticaria) to rabeprazole, other substituted benzimidazoles, or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with rilpivirine-containing products. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: ARIPiprazole
189
raloxifene
BRAND NAME: Evista DRUG CLASS: Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) DRUG USE: Osteoporosis; risk reduction for invasive breast cancer DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 60 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Edema; hot flash; infection; arthralgia; leg cramps; muscle spasm; flu-like symptoms CONTRAINDICATION: History of or current venous thromboembolic disorders (including deep vein thrombosis [DVT], pulmonary embolism [PE], and retinal vein thrombosis); pregnancy. BOXED WARNING: Increased risk of VTE and death from stroke MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: AVINza
190
ramipril
BRAND NAME: Altace DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor DRUG USE: Heart failure; hypertension; cardiovascular event protection DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2.5-20 mg/day divided q.d.-b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypotension; cough CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ramipril, other ACE inhibitors, or any component of the formulation; hereditary/idiopathic angioedema or history of angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus; use in combination with or within 36 hours of switching to or from a neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril). BOXED WARNING: Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
191
risperidone
BRAND NAME: Risperdal DRUG CLASS: Second generation (atypical) antipsychotic DRUG USE: Bipolar mania; irritability associated with autistic disorder; schizophrenia DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT; oral solution; prefilled syringe; IM suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible—Maternal benefit >> embryo–fetal risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-4 mg/day PO divided q.d.-b.i.d. Injection: 25 mg IM Q 2 WK COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hyperprolactinemia; weight gain; constipation; increased appetite; nausea; upper abdominal pain; vomiting; dizziness; insomnia; cough CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to risperidone, paliperidone, or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: Not approved for dementia related psychosis MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: rOPINIRole, Restoril
192
rivaroxaban
BRAND NAME: Xarelto DRUG CLASS: Factor Xa inhibitor anticoagulant DRUG USE: Atrial fibrillation; coronary artery disease; anticoagulation; peripheral artery disease; thromboprophylaxis; venous thromboembolism DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10-20 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Bleeding; vomiting; hemorrhage; cough CONTRAINDICATION: Severe hypersensitivity reaction to rivaroxaban or any component of the formulation; active pathological bleeding. BOXED WARNING: Premature discontinuation increases the risk of thrombotic eventse; spinal/epidural hematoma MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
193
rizatriptan
BRAND NAME: Maxalt; Maxalt MLT DRUG CLASS: Serotonin 5-HT1B, 1D receptor agonist DRUG USE: Migraine DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ODT DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest moderate risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO p.r.n. migraine COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Blood pressure changes; nausea; vomiting; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; malaise; asthenia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to rizatriptan or any component of the formulation; ischemic coronary artery disease (eg, angina pectoris, history of MI, or documented silent ischemia) or other significant underlying cardiovascular disease; coronary artery vasospasm (including Prinzmetal angina); history of stroke or transient ischemic attack; peripheral vascular disease; ischemic bowel disease; uncontrolled hypertension; during or within 24 hours of treatment with another 5-HT1 agonist, or an ergotamine-containing or ergot-type medication (eg, methysergide, dihydroergotamine); hemiplegic migraine or migraine with brainstem aura; during or within 2 weeks of monoamine oxidase inhibitor use; concurrent with propranolol (oral film only) Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome or arrhythmias associated with other cardiac accessory conduction pathway disorders. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
194
ropinirole
BRAND NAME: Requip; Requip XL DRUG CLASS: Dopamine agonist DRUG USE: Parkinson disease; restless leg syndrome DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Immediate release: 0.25-8 mg PO t.i.d. ER: 2-24 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypertension; hypotension; syncope; nausea; vomiting; dizziness; drowsiness; malaise; asthenia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, urticaria, angioedema, rash, pruritus) to ropinirole or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: RisperDAL, risderiDONE
195
rosuvastatin
BRAND NAME: Crestor DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) DRUG USE: Hypercholesterolemia; prevention of cardiovascular disease DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated in 1st trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Myalgia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, pruritus, rash, urticaria) to rosuvastatin or any component of the formulation; active liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
196
sertraline
BRAND NAME: Zoloft DRUG CLASS: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder; obsessive-compulsion disorder (OCD); panic disorder; premenstrual dysphoric disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; social anxiety disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule; oral concentrate DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-200 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; diarrhea; drowiness; fatigue; insomnia CONTRAINDICATION: Use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) including methylene blue (concurrently or within 14 days of stopping an MAOI or sertraline); concurrent use with pimozide; hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to sertraline or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with disulfiram (oral solution only). BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: cetirizine, Soriatane
197
sildenafil
BRAND NAME: Viagra DRUG CLASS: Phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme inhibitor DRUG USE: Erectile dysfunction; pulmonary arterial hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; IV solution; oral suspension DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 20 mg t.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Flushing; diarrhea; dyspepsia; headache; myalgia; visual disturbance CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to sildenafil or any component of the formulation; concurrent use (regularly/intermittently) of organic nitrates in any form (eg, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate); concomitant use of riociguat (a guanylate cyclase stimulator). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
198
simvastatin
BRAND NAME: Zocor DRUG CLASS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) DRUG USE: Hypercholesterolemia; prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated in 1st trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-40 mg PO QPM COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Upper respiratory infection; headache; abdominal pain; constipation; gastritis; atrial fibrillation; vertigo, myalgia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to simvastatin or any component of the formulation; acute liver disease or decompensated cirrhosis; concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (select azole antifungals [eg, itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, select macrolide antibiotics [eg, erythromycin and clarithromycin], select HIV protease inhibitors [eg, nelfinavir, ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir], select hepatitis C virus protease inhibitors [eg, boceprevir, telaprevir], cobicistat-containing products, and nefazodone), cyclosporine, danazol, or gemfibrozil. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Cozaar, ZyrTEC
199
sitagliptin
BRAND NAME: Januvia DRUG CLASS: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor DRUG USE: Diabetes mellitus, type 2 DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 100 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Hypoglycemia; nasophyaryngitis; diarrhea; nausea CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to sitagliptin or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A
200
spironolactone
BRAND NAME: Aldactone DRUG CLASS: Potassium-sparing diuretic DRUG USE: Ascites; heart failure; hypertension; primary hyperaldosteronism DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 25-100 mg PO/day divided q.d. and b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Gynecomastia; nausea; vomiting; abdominal cramps; diarrhea; headache; dizziness; confusion CONTRAINDICATION: Hyperkalemia; Addison disease; concomitant use with eplerenone. BOXED WARNING: May increase tumor risk MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
201
sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim
BRAND NAME: Bactrim; Bactrim DS; Septra; Septra DS; Sulfatrim DRUG CLASS: Sulfonamide antibiotic DRUG USE: Bacterial infection; urinary tract infection DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; oral suspension; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 800 mg/160 mg q12h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; photosensitivity; diarrhea CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to any sulfa drug, trimethoprim, or any component of the formulation; history of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia with use of trimethoprim or sulfonamides; megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency; infants
202
sumatriptan
BRAND NAME: Imitrex DRUG CLASS: Serotonin 5-HT1B, 1D receptor agonist DRUG USE: Migraine DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; nasal solution; SC solution; auto-injector; prefilled syringe DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 25-100 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Injection site reaction; malaise; fatigue; chest discomfort; dizziness; vertigo; flushing; drowsiness, nausea; vomiting CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, angioedema, anaphylaxis) to sumatriptan or any component of the formulation; ischemic heart disease or signs or symptoms of ischemic heart disease (coronary artery vasospasm, Prinzmetal angina, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, silent myocardial ischemia); Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or arrhythmias associated with other cardiac accessory conduction pathway disorders; history of cerebrovascular syndromes (including strokes, transient ischemic attacks); history of hemiplegic or basilar migraine; peripheral vascular disease (including ischemic bowel disease); uncontrolled hypertension; use within 24 hours of ergotamine derivatives; use within 24 hours of another 5-HT1 agonist; concurrent administration or within 2 weeks of discontinuing MAO type A inhibitors; severe hepatic impairment. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: SITagliptin, ZOLMitriptan
203
tadalafil
BRAND NAME: Cialis DRUG CLASS: Phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme inhibitor DRUG USE: Erectile dysfunction; benign prostatic hyperplasia DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicatd in pregnant women NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 10 mg PO COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Flushing; dyspepsia; nausea; headache; myalgia; nasopharyngitis CONTRAINDICATION: Serious hypersensitivity to tadalafil or any component of the formulation; concurrent use of organic nitrate (regularly and/or intermittently); or guanylate cyclase stimulators (e.g., riociguat). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
204
tamsulosin
BRAND NAME: Flomax DRUG CLASS: Alpha1 blocker DRUG USE: Benign prostatic hyperplasia DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 0.4 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Orthostatic hypotension; ejaculation failure; dizziness; headache; rhinitis; diarrhea; asthenia; drowsiness CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to tamsulosin or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: tacrolimus
205
temazepam
BRAND NAME: Restoril DRUG CLASS: Benzodiazepine DRUG USE: Insomnia DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule DEA SCHEDULE: IV HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 7.5-30 mg PO q.h.s. p.r.n. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Drowsiness; fatigue; dizziness; ataxia; confusion CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to temazepam or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: Risks from concomitant use with opioids; abuse, misuse, and addiction; dependence and withdrawal reactions MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: RisperDAL
206
terazosin
BRAND NAME: Hytrin DRUG CLASS: Alpha1 blocker DRUG USE: Benign prostatic hypertrophy; hypertension DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1-10 mg PO q.h.s. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; asthenia; fatigue CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to terazosin or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
207
testosterone
BRAND NAME: Androgel; Androderm; Axiron; Fortesta DRUG CLASS: Androgen DRUG USE: Male hypogonadism DOSAGE FORM(S): Capsule; cream; gel; transdermal patch; IM solution; injection solution; auto-injector DEA SCHEDULE: III HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Application site reactions; acne; headache; hypertension CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to testosterone or any component of the formulation; breast cancer (males); prostate cancer (known or suspected); pregnancy; males with hypogonadal conditions that are not associated with structural or genetic etiologies (eg, age-related hypogonadism). BOXED WARNING: Blood pressure increases MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
208
tetracycline
BRAND NAME: Sumycin DRUG CLASS: Tetracycline antibiotic DRUG USE: Acne vulgaris; actinomycosis; anthrax; campylobacter; cholera; clostridium; gram-negative infections; intestinal amebiasis; listeriosis; ophthalmic infections; relapsing fever, respiratory tract infections; Rickettsial infections; sexually transmitted infections; skin and soft tissue infections; urinary tract infection; Vincent infection; Yaws; zoonotic infections DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 gram divided twice daily or 250 mg PO q.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to any of the tetracyclines or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
209
thyroid
BRAND NAME: Armour Thyroid DRUG CLASS: Thyroid product DRUG USE: Hypothyroidism DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Palpitations; nervousness; tremor; diarrhea; insomnia; fever; alopecia; heat intolerance; nausea; rash; diaphoresis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation; untreated thyrotoxicosis; uncorrected adrenal insufficiency. BOXED WARNING: Drugs with thyroid hormone activity, alone or with other therapeutic agents, have been used for the treatment of obesity; in euthyroid patients, doses within the range of daily hormonal requirements are ineffective for weight reduction; larger doses may produce serious or even life-threatening manifestations of toxicity, particularly when given in association with sympathomimetic amines such as those used for their anorectic effects. MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
210
timolol
BRAND NAME: Timol DRUG CLASS: Beta-blocker DRUG USE: Hypertension; myocardial Infarction; migraine DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 1 gtt in eye(s) q.d.-b.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Ocular burning and stinging; visual disturbances; photophobia; corneal sensitivity CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to timolol or any component of the formulation; bronchial asthma (or history of); severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; sinus bradycardia; second- or third-degree heart block (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); overt cardiac failure; cardiogenic shock. BOXED WARNING: Exacerbation of ischemic heart disease following abrupt withdrawal MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
211
tiotropium
BRAND NAME: Spiriva DRUG CLASS: Anticholinergic agent DRUG USE: Asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) DOSAGE FORM(S): Handihaler; respimat DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2 puffs q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Pharyngitis; xerostomia; sinusitis; upper respiratory tract infection CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to ipratropium, tiotropium, or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Apidra, Inspra
212
tizanidine
BRAND NAME: Zanaflex DRUG CLASS: Alpha2-adrenergic agonist DRUG USE: Spasticity DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: No human data—Animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 2 mg PO q 6-8h p.r.n. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Xerostomia; asthenia; dizziness; drowsiness CONTRAINDICATION: Recent alcohol use (ie, within 6 hours prior to and 6 hours after administration) (Trokendi XR only); patients with metabolic acidosis who are taking concomitant metformin (Qudexy XR only). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: tiaGABine, nizatidine
213
topiramate
BRAND NAME: Topamax DRUG CLASS: Antiseizure agent DRUG USE: Migraine; seizure DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER capsule; sprinkle capsule; ER sprinkle capsule; oral solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human and animal data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 220 mg PO b.i.d. ER: 400 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Weight loss; abdominal pain; diarrhea; dysguesia; nausea; dizziness; fatigue; decreased bone mineral density CONTRAINDICATION: Concomitant therapy with potent CYP1A2 inhibitors (eg, fluvoxamine, ciprofloxacin). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Toprol XL
214
tramadol
BRAND NAME: Ultram DRUG CLASS: Opioid analgesic DRUG USE: Pain management DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; oral solution; oral suspension; cream DEA SCHEDULE: IV HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 1st and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-100 mg PO q4-6h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Constipation; dyspepsia; nausea; xerostomia; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; vertigo CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis) to tramadol, opioids, or any component of the formulation; pediatric patients
215
trazodone
BRAND NAME: Desyrel DRUG CLASS: Serotonin reuptake inhibitor/antagonist DRUG USE: Major depressive disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Limited human data—Animal data suggest low risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 50-100 mg PO b.i.d.-t.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; vomiting; xerostomia; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; headache; nerviousness; blurred vision CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to trazodone or any component of the formulation; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either trazodone or the MAOI); initiation of trazodone in a patient receiving IV methylene blue. BOXED WARNING: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: traMADol, Seroquel
216
triamcinolone
BRAND NAME: Aristocort; Kenalog; Nasacort DRUG CLASS: Corticosteroid DRUG USE: Dermatoses DOSAGE FORM(S): Cream; ointment; lotion; spray DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible (intranasal); human and animal data suggest risk (oral/parenteral/topical) NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Dosage dependent on dose form COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Burning; itching; dryness; secondary infection; contact dermatitis; skin atrophy CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to triamcinolone or any component of the formulation; fungal, viral or bacterial infections of the mouth or throat (oral paste only). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
217
valacyclovir
BRAND NAME: Valtrex DRUG CLASS: Antiviral agent DRUG USE: Cold sores; genital herpes; herpes zoster; varicella DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 500-1000 mg q12h COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Nausea; headache; nasopharyngitis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to valacyclovir, acyclovir, or any component of the formulation. BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: valGANcyclovir, Valcyte
218
valsartan
BRAND NAME: Diovan DRUG CLASS: Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) DRUG USE: Hypertension; heart failure; post-myocardial infarction DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 2nd and 3rd trimesters NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 80-320 mg PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Dizziness; increased blood urea nitrogen CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to valsartan or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus. BOXED WARNING: Fetal toxicity MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Darvon, Dioval, Zyban
219
venlafaxine
BRAND NAME: Effexor; Effexor XR DRUG CLASS: Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) DRUG USE: Generalized anxiety disorder; major depressive disorder; panic disorder; social anxiety disorder DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk in 3rd trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 75-225 mg/D PO Divided b.i.d.-t.i.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Diaphoresis; weight loss; nausea; xerostomia; asthenia; dizziness; drowsiness; insomnia CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to venlafaxine or any component of the formulation; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing the MAOI); initiation of MAOI within 7 days of discontinuing venlafaxine; initiation in patients receiving IV methylene blue. BOXED WARNING: Suicidality and antidepressant drugs MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Enablex
220
verapamil
BRAND NAME: Verelan; Verelan PM; Calan; Calan SR DRUG CLASS: Calcium channel blocker DRUG USE: Angina; atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter rate control; hypertension; supraventricular tachycardia DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet; ER capsule; IV solution DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Compatible NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 80-120 mg PO t.i.d. or 180 mg ER PO q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to verapamil or any component of the formulation; severe left ventricular dysfunction; hypotension (systolic pressure less than 90 mm Hg) or cardiogenic shock; sick sinus syndrome (except in patients with a functioning artificial ventricular pacemaker); second- or third-degree AV block (except in patients with a functioning artificial ventricular pacemaker); atrial flutter or fibrillation and an accessory bypass tract (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome). BOXED WARNING: N/A MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: N/A
221
warfarin
BRAND NAME: Coumadin; Jantoven DRUG CLASS: Anticoagulant DRUG USE: Myocardial infarction; thromboembolic complications DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet DEA SCHEDULE: N/A HAZARDOUS: Yes NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: Yes PREGNANCY WARNING: Contraindicated in 1st trimester NORMAL ADULT DOSE: Individualized dosage q.d. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Skin necrosis CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to warfarin or to any other component of the formulation; pregnancy (except in women with mechanical heart valves at high risk of thromboembolism); hemorrhagic tendencies (eg, active GI ulceration; patients bleeding from the GI, respiratory, or GU tract; cerebral aneurysm; CNS hemorrhage; dissecting aortic aneurysm; spinal puncture and other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures with potential for significant bleeding); recent or potential surgery of the CNS or eye; traumatic surgery resulting in large open surfaces; blood dyscrasias; pericarditis or pericardial effusion; bacterial endocarditis; threatened abortion, eclampsia, and preeclampsia; unsupervised patients with conditions associated with a potential high level of noncompliance; major regional or lumbar block anesthesia; malignant hypertension. BOXED WARNING: Bleeding risk MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: Avandia, Cardura
222
zolpidem
BRAND NAME: Ambien+A1:D75; Ambien CR DRUG CLASS: Hypnotic DRUG USE: Insomnia DOSAGE FORM(S): Tablet; ER tablet DEA SCHEDULE: IV HAZARDOUS: N/A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX: N/A PREGNANCY WARNING: Human data suggest risk NORMAL ADULT DOSE: 5-10 mg PO q.h.s. ER: 6.25-12.5 mg PO q.h.s. COMMON ADVERSE REACTION: Headache; drowsiness; dizziness CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, angioedema) to zolpidem or any component of formulation; patients who have experienced complex sleep behaviors after taking zolpidem. BOXED WARNING: Complex sleep behaviors MAY BE CONFUSED WITH: ambrisentan
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