DSA

Question 1

Where are cell bodies located in the CNS? PNS?

Answer 1

1. Nuclei

2. Ganglia

Question 2

What factors lead to faster conduction velocity?

Answer 2

1. More myelination
2. Greater diameter

*both of these correlate with lower threshold

Question 3

Axo-dendritic

Answer 3

• most common
• synapse between the presynaptic terminal of an axon and the post-synaptic membrane of a dendrite
• Usually excitatory

Question 4

Neuromuscular Juncion

Answer 4

• synapse between the presynaptic terminal of an axon and the specialized motor end plate of skeletal muscle
• used as the model for all synapses because of accessibility

Question 5

Does a reflex require the spinal cord, brain, or both?

Answer 5

just spinal cord

Question 6

What NT is released by the pre-ganglionic cells in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 6

Acetylcholine

*it binds the nAchR on the post-ganglionic dendrites (same for sympathetic)

Question 7

varicosities

Answer 7

swellings

Question 8

What type of receptor does acetylcholine bind on a parasympathetic post ganglionic cell?

Answer 8

mAchR

*this activates a secondary messenger system

Question 9

What NT does a sympathetic post ganglionic axon release? What receptors does it bond?

Answer 9

1. norepinephrine

2. alpha and beta adrenergic

Question 10

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

Answer 10

• metabotropic receptors

- have different effects in the body when NE binds

Question 11

Parasympathetic: NT? Receptors?

Answer 11

1. Ach

2. mAch and nAch

Question 12

Sympathetic: NT? Receptors?

Answer 12

1. Epi, NE, DA
2. alpha (cardiac and smooth muscle glands) , beta (cardiac and smooth muscle glands) nAch, mAch (sweat glands), dopamine (renal vascular smooth m)

Question 13

4 steps of cholinergic neurotransmission

Answer 13

Act synthesis, storage, release, destruction

Question 14

Release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla is what type of process?

Answer 14

sympathetic q

Question 15

4 steps of Adrenergic nerve terminal

Answer 15

synthesis, storage, release, reuptake

Question 16

Reserpine does what?

Answer 16

blocks VMAT-2*

*functions to transport NE, Epi, DA, and serotonin into vesicles

Question 17

Cocaine does what?

Answer 17

blocks NE transporter*

*serves to import NE into the nerve terminal (this increases [NE] in synapse)

Question 18

What are the agonists (activators) of alpha 1? 2?

Answer 18

1. Epi is greater than or equal to NE

2. Epi is greater than or equal to NE

Question 19

What are the agonists (activators) of beta 1? 2? 3?

Answer 19

1. Epi=NE
2. Epi»_space; NE
3. NE > Epi

Question 20

Where do we find alpha 1 receptors?

Answer 20

VASCULAR, GU smooth muscle, liver, intestinal smooth muscle, HEART

-contraction

Question 21

Where do we find alpha 2 receptors?

Answer 21

Pancreatic beta cells, platelets, nerve terminal VASCULAR smooth muscle

-contraction

Question 22

Where do we find beta 1 receptors?

Answer 22

Juxtaglomerular cells, HEART

-contraction

Question 23

Where do we find beta 2 receptors?

Answer 23

Smooth muscle (VASCULAR, GI, GU), SKELETAL muscle

-relaxation

Question 24

Where do we find beta 3 receptors?

Answer 24

Adipose tissue

-lipolysis

Question 25

The big three: 1. Alpha 1 2. Beta 2 3. Muscarinic

Answer 25

1. stimulate contraction of all smooth muscle; vascular smooth muscle-->vasoconstriction 2. relax smooth muscle-->vasodilation 3. contract smooth muscle

Question 26

What sympathetic receptor is associated with smooth muscle of blood vessel innervation? parasympathetic?

Answer 26

1. alpha 1 2. NONE* *BVs will relax in response to para release of Ach IF the endothelium is intact

Question 27

How does BP change in response to phenylephrine? histamine?

Answer 27

1. increases baroreceptor, para nervous system; decreases sym nervous system 2. decreases baroreceptor, para nervous system; increases sym nervous system

Question 28

Where does epinephrine synthesis occur?

Answer 28

adrenal medulla, and a few pathways in the brainstem

Question 29

What receptors do we find at sweat glands?

Answer 29

mAChR--->sweat secretion

Question 30

M1 a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

Answer 30

a. CNS, ganglia b. GPCR, Gq/11 c. PLC activation--->IP3

Question 31

M2 a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

Answer 31

a. Heart, nerves, smooth m. b. GPCR, Gi/o c. AC inhibition-->decreased cAMP, K+ channel activation * parasympathetic

Question 32

M3 a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

Answer 32

a. glands, smooth m., endothelium b. GPCR, Gq/11 c. PLC activation--->IP3 * parasympathetic

Question 33

M4 a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

Answer 33

a. CNS b. GPCR, Gi/o c. AC inhibition-->decreased cAMP, K+ channel activation

Question 34

M5 a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

Answer 34

a. CNS b. GPCR, Gq/11 c. PLC activation--->IP3

Question 35

Nm a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

Answer 35

a. Skeletal m., NMJ b. Ligand gated ion channel c. N+, K+ depolarizing ion channel

Question 36

Nn a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

Answer 36

a. Postganglionic cell body, dendrites, CNS b. Ligand gated ion channel c. N+, K+ depolarizing ion channel

Question 37

What is the function of NET and DAT?

Answer 37

They help with reuptake of catecholamine into nerve terminals

Question 38

What are cholinomimetic agents?

Answer 38

- drugs that mimic ACh | ex. AChR agonists, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Question 39

What are sympathomimetic agents?

Answer 39

-drugs that mimi or enhance alpha/beta receptor stimulation

Question 40

What are adrenoceptor blocking drugs?

Answer 40

-alpha and beta receptor antagonists