Fortissimo (ff)
Very loud
Pianissimo (pp)
Very soft
Piano (p)
Soft
Mezzo piano (mp)
Moderately soft
Mezzo forte (mf)
Moderately loud
Forte
Loud
Crescendo <
Gradually become louder
Decrescendo >
Gradually become softer
Sforzando/Sforzato (sfz/sf)
Sudden accent on a single note or chord
Sforzando piano (sfp)
Sudden accent followed immediately by soft
Fortepiano (fp)
Loud follow by immediately soft