Con forza
With force
Marcato (Marc.)
Emphasised
Rinforzando (rf. , rfz. , rinf.)
Reinforcing
Sforzando (sf. , Sfz.)
Forced / accentuated
Sforzato (sf. ,sfz. )
Forced / accentuated
Sforzando-piano (sfp)
A sudden accent followed by soft
Smorzando
Dying away
Fortepiano (fp)
Loud-soft (start loudly and then immediately soft)
Fortissimo (ff)
Very loud
Pianissimo (pp)
Very soft
Forte f
Loud
Mezzo forte mf
Moderately (fairly) loud
Mezzo piano mp
Moderately (fairly) soft
Piano p
Soft
Decrescendo decresc./ decr.
Decreasing on loudness
Diminuendo dim./ dimin.
Decreasing in loudness
Crescendo cresc.
Increasing in loudness