E-lecture 3: Learning and Development

Question 1

Name the three schools of learning?

Answer 1

1. Cognitivism
2. Behaviorism
3. Experiental learning

Question 2

Name three reasons why learning and development are important?

Answer 2

1. Attract and retain talent: opportunities to learn and grow most important reason for accepting a job offer
2. Improves performance: improve business results
3. Remaining competitive to ensure skills remain up to date

Question 3

What is cognitivism?

Answer 3

• Learning process: receiving, organizing, storing and retrieving information
• Outcome: Change in mental schema. Developing associations between different types of information
• Central concepts: retention and recall of information. Optimized when information is structured.

Question 4

What is behaviorism?

Answer 4

• Learning process: learning and behavioral change through punishment and rewards
• Outcome: change in behavior
• Focuses on demonstrated behavior
• Believes people are sensitive to external stimuli and become conditioned to act in certain ways because of the consequences of their actions.

Question 5

What is exerpeintal learning?

Answer 5

• Learning process: learning from experience, through reflection, thinking and experimenting
• Outcome: new skills through experimentation.
• Cycle consists of four stages: experiencing, reflecting, thinking and acting.
  Provides new information which creates new cycles.

Question 6

How does the training topic drive the choice for which learning theory you will use?

Answer 6

• Use cognitivism if you want trainees to activate knowledge they stored in mental schemas.
• Use behaviorism when you want trainees to receive feedback and encouragement, and design training environment to ensure positive behavior.
• Use experiental learning when you want trainees to actively create their own experiences and let them reflect on their experiences.

Question 7

Name the four learning styles and what two dimensions they are based on?

Answer 7

1. Activist:
2. Reflector
3. Theorist
4. Pragmatist
   Based on two dimensions:
   - Processing continuum: how we approach a task
   - Feeling continuum: how we respond emotionally.

Question 8

What are the four instructional principles for effective trainings?

Answer 8

1. Information
2. Demonstration
3. Practice
4. Feedback

Question 9

What is onboarding?

Answer 9

formal and informal practices, programs and policies enacted or engaged in by an organization or its agents to facilitate newcomer adjustment. Meant to facilitate socialization. Two

Question 10

What are the two goals of onboarding?

Answer 10

1. Provide information
2. Develop relationships

Question 11

What three things does meeting the goals of onboarding ensure?

Answer 11

1. Role clarity
2. Self-efficacy
3. Social acceptance

Question 12

What are the 5 ultimate effects of effective onboarding?

Answer 12

1. Higher performance
2. Higher job satisfaction
3. Higher organizational commitment
4. More intentions to remain
5. Lower turnover

Question 13

What information should be delivered during onboarding?

Answer 13

1. The basics: information needed for all employees; can mostly be automated
2. Job specific: What is needed for the employee to be successful in their specific jobs.
3. Orientation: creating an insider identity (values of organization, history of organization)

Question 14

What is your role as manager in onboarding?

Answer 14

1. What does employee need to know and who do they need to meet?
2. Make time for new employee early and often
3. Encourage proactivity

Question 15

What is the ADDIE-model?

Answer 15

Model used to design training programs. Consists of:
1. Analysis
2. Design
3. Develop
4. Implement
5. Evaluate

Question 16

What is the Analysis stage in the ADDIE-model?

Answer 16

1. Analysis: Answers what skills need to be trained and who needs training. Based on data. Needs to be approached from a long-term strategic priorities. Questions to be answered:
   - What strategic goals can be attained through training?
   - What aspects of a job/tasks does a training need to cover?
   - Which employees need training?

Question 17

What is the design stage in the ADDIE-model about?

Answer 17

Building a program that meets learners’ needs by defining overall approach to learning and development content. Four steps:
- Formulation of learning objectives
- Planning of assessment strategy
- Determining levels, types and difficulties
- Selection of delivery method

Question 18

What is the develop phase in the ADDIE-model?

Answer 18

Constructing content and materials. Instructional designers need to select learning and development methods suitable for proposed learning and development program.

Question 19

What is the implementation stage in the ADDIE-model about?

Answer 19

Delivering training. Manager can add value by:
- Enhancing motivation
- Frame learning opportunities
- Demonstrate behavior

Question 20

Name four ways to maximize transfer of training?

Answer 20

• Support employees
• Opportunities to practice
• Performance feedback
• Follow up

Question 21

Name three trends in learning and development?

Answer 21

1. Mobile learning
2. Social learning
3. Adaptive learning

Question 21

What is mobile learning?

Answer 21

learning through mobile devices; providing accessible, small chunks of information. Learning anywhere anytime

Question 22

What is social learning?

Answer 22

Learning through interactions with others; adopting effective social learning strategies to foster collaboration.

Question 23

What is adaptive learning?

Answer 23

learning through personalized program; organizations are looking to provide personalized learning responsive to specific employee’s skill gaps, interests, and job requirements.