e. pollution

Question 1

indicator species

Answer 1

an organism who’s presence indicates whether there is or isn’t a certain type of pollution

Question 2

advantage(s) of sensors

Answer 2

sensors give numerical and more accurate data at the time of measurement compared to indicator species

Question 3

L. conizaeoides

Answer 3

• a lichen that grows on trees and buildings, and is the only lichen that can tolerate air polluted with sulfur gasses from burning fossil fuels.
• this makes it a useful indicator for air pollution.
• over past 50 years there’s been a fall in sulfur dioxide pollution in the air, affecting the distribution of L. Conizaeoides

Question 4

blackspot fungus

Answer 4

• pathogen affecting plants.
• does not grow well in places with high sulfur pollution, so it is another useful indicator species.

Question 5

water pollution

Answer 5

• pollution can be caused by poisonous substances released from factories, fertilizers or sewage.
• substances in these cause eutrophication, causing rapid growth of plants and algae, and bacteria feeding on dead plants or algae use up oxygen, reducing oxygen concentration in water, killing animals.
• some aquatic invertebrates are useful water pollution indicators as they are adapted to different concentrations of oxygen in the water.