hydroxyl group
the functional group of alcohols and phenols
alcohols
is connected to a saturated sp3 hybridized carbon (single bonded carbon)
phenols
is attached to an aromatic ring
enol
when OH is bonded to a double bonded carbon
primary alcohol
one organic group is attached to the OH bearing carbon
secondary
two organic groups are attached to the OH bearing carbon
tertiary
three organic groups are attached to the OH bearing carbon
nomenclature of alcohols
-what must the longest chain have?
-the parent name is what?
-how do you number when there is a OH group?
-if there are two or more substituents, how are they listed?
-must have the OH
-parent name is the longest chain with OH and ends in -ol (ex: butanol)
-you go in the direction that will give the OH group the lowest number (unless there is a carboxylic acid, ketone or aldehyde , they get priority)
-alphabetically
CH3OH
methanol, methyl alcohol
CH3CH2OH
ethyl alcohol, ethanol
2-methyl-2-propanol is also known as
tert-butyl alcohol
how do you name ROH with a multiple bond?
- locate where OH is and set up like this —> 1-ol (where the OH is locate on what carbon and -ol meaning alcohol)
- set up numbering to where the double bond is as you would for an alkene —-> 2-propene
- remove -e at end —-> 2-propen
- put together—> 2-propen-1-ol
BASICALLY REPLACE WITH EN AND ADD OL
suffix for more than one ROH
-diol
-triol
-put this at end of parent name
phenols are the …
are the parent name UNLESS there is a carboxylic acid, ketone and or aldehyde present
