ear/hearing

Question 1

outer fleshing part of our ear ,funnels sound into ear canal

Answer 1

(auricle) pinna

Question 2

ends at the tympanic membrane, passes through temporal bone and lined with hair,skins,ceruminous glands that produce wax

Answer 2

external acoustic meatus

Question 3

covered by skin on one side
-on the inside lined with mucus membrane
-oval shaped and cone shaoed
-it moves back and fourth in response to sound waves

Answer 3

tympanic membrane(semi transparent membrane

Question 4

what is composed of the outer ear

Answer 4

auricle(pinna
external acoustic meatus
tympanic membrane(semi transparent membrane

Question 5

what are the three small ossicles (bones

Answer 5

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 6

what is atcahed to the eardrums

Answer 6

malleus

Question 7

what is atached to the malleus

Answer 7

incus

Question 8

what is atched to the inus

Answer 8

stapes

Question 9

_______ that holds the stapes to the oval window to the cochlea

Answer 9

ligaments

Question 10

air filled space with eardrum on one side and inner ear on the other

Answer 10

middle ear (tympanic cavity

Question 11

what stimulates the hearing process

Answer 11

vibrations of the stapes moves fluid into the inner ear

Question 12

the bones form a lever system that amplifies the vibrations up to (#)x greater then the eardrum

Answer 12

22x greater

Question 13

what is tensor tympani atcahed to

Answer 13

the malleus

Question 14

what are the two skeletal muscles

Answer 14

tensor tympani
stapedius muscle

Question 15

stapedius muscle is atached to the

Answer 15

posterior of stapes

Question 16

after a loud sound (1/10 of a second) muscles contract making the ossicles rigid and harder to transmit vibrations to the inner ear

Answer 16

the tympanic reflex

Question 17

what does the tympanic reflex help with

Answer 17

protecting the inner ear from damage to the hearing receptors

Question 18

what does the tympanic reflex protect from and do

Answer 18

protects from vocal sounds
improves high frequency and muffles
helps low frequency (15-20 decibals)
also pulls on the eardrum to keep it tight

Question 19

what are the exceptions to the tympanic reflex

Answer 19

loud fast sounds
rapidly repeated sounds

Question 20

connects the middle ear to throat
-allows the air to pass between the cavity and outside body
-helps maintain air pressure equally on both sides of the eardrum
(valve like flap in throat that keeps it closed-yawning,swallowing, chewing can open the flap

Answer 20

auditory tube (Eustachian tube

Question 21

parts of the internal ear

Answer 21

osseous membrane
cochlea
semicircular canals
vestibule
basilar membrane

Question 22

tubes and chambers are called

Answer 22

labyrinths (osseous membrane

Question 23

the cochlea functions in

Answer 23

hearing

Question 24

the semicircular cananls functions in

Answer 24

sense of equilibrium

Question 25

vestibule functions in

Answer 25

sense of balance withe the positition of the head and torso

Question 26

includes the scale of the vistibuli and scala tymapni filled with perylimph

Answer 26

cochlea

Question 27

the cochlear duct is found

Answer 27

between the two other scala andfilled with endolymph

Question 28

order of vibrations

Answer 28

vibration enter the PERILYMPH from the OVAL WINDOW that then travel along the SCALA VESTIBULI that then passes through the VESTIBULAR MEMBRANE that then conitinues through the ENDOLYMPH and the COCHLEAR DUCT through the BASILAR MEMBRANE which then enters the PERILYMPH of the SCALA TYMPANI where the vibrations end at the ROUND WINDOW

Question 29

receptor cells(hair cells form

Answer 29

4 parallel rows~16,000 hearing receptor cells

Question 30

cilia extends to the

Answer 30

endolymph

Question 31

tectorial membrane is located

Answer 31

above and contacts the tips of the cilia

Question 32

different frequencies move different parts of the

Answer 32

basilar membrane and forces the cilia to band agianst the membrane

Question 33

epithelial cells that behave like nerouns

Answer 33

hair cells

Question 34

when the hair bends

Answer 34

hydrogen opens the potassium channels and the cell becomes depolarized

Question 35

when the cell becomes depolarized it also becomes permiable to

Answer 35

calcium ions

Question 36

calcium cuases the vestibles to fuse with the

Answer 36

cell membrane and release glutamate (a neurotransmitter

Question 37

glutamate stimulates

Answer 37

the sensory nerve fibers of the cochlear nerve branch

Question 38

we detect frequencies from

Answer 38

20-20,000 herts with the greatest sensivity being 2000-3000 hertz

Question 39

structures composing the the outer ear

Answer 39

external auditory canal pinna tympanic membrane

Question 40

structures composing the bony or osseous labyrinth

Answer 40

cochlea semicircular canals vestibule

Question 41

collectively called ossicles

Answer 41

incus(anvil malleus stapes

Question 42

ear structures nit invloved with hearing

Answer 42

semicircular canals vestibule

Question 43

allows pressure in the middle ear to be equilized with the atmospheric pressure

Answer 43

auditory tube

Question 44

vibrates as sound waves hit it; transmits the vibrations to the ossicles

Answer 44

tympanic membrane

Question 45

contains the organ of corti

Answer 45

cochlea

Question 46

connects the nasopharynx and the middle ear

Answer 46

auditory tube

Question 47

contain receptors for the sense of equilibrium

Answer 47

semi circular canals vestibule

Question 48

transmits the vibrationss from the stapes to the fluid in the inner ear

Answer 48

oval window

Question 49

fluid that covers the sensory receptors of the inner ear

Answer 49

endolymph

Question 50

fluid contained within the osseous labrynth which covers the membranous labrynth

Answer 50

perilymph

Question 51

sound wave pathway to the hair cells to stimulate the organ of corti

Answer 51

eardrum-mallueos-incus-stapes-oval window-perilymph-membrane-endolymoh-hair cells

Question 52

dynamic equilibrium the functioning of it

Answer 52

the receptors for the dynamic equilibrium are found in the crista ampullaris of the semicircular canals. these receptors respond to changes in angular/rotational motion. when motion begins the endolymph fluid lags behind and the cupula is bent which excites the hair cells. when motion stops suddenly, the fluid flows in the opposite direction and agian stimulates the hair cells

Question 53

functioning of static equilibrium

Answer 53

the receptors for static equilibrium are found in the maculae of the saccule and urticle. These receptors report the position of the head in space. tiny stones found in the gel overlying the hair cells roll in response to the pull of gravity. as they roll, the gel moves and tugs on the hair cells, exciting them. Besides the equilibrium receptors of the inner ear, the senses of proprioception and vision are also important in maintaing equilibrium.

Question 54

conduction deafness

Answer 54

can result from the fusions of ossicles or excessive ear or a perforated eardrum can often be improved by a hearing aid

Question 55

central deafness

Answer 55

where sound is heard in one ear but not in the other, during both bone and air conduction can result from damage to the cochlear nerve can result in otitis media can result from a blood clot in the auditory cortex of the brain

Question 56

the little stones in the macula of utricle is called

Answer 56

otolithes

Question 57

bppv is cuased by

Answer 57

loose otolithes in the semicicular canals giving a sense of constant dizzyness

Question 58

why are ear infections more common in children than adults

Answer 58

the auditory tube is shorter and straighter then adults -the mucus membrane is continues between the auditory tubes and the linings of the middle ear

Question 59

what is the tympanic reflex

Answer 59

muscle contraction of the tensor tympani and the stapedius muscle in reaction to loud and low frequency sound and our own ear to help protect our inner ear from damage to the hearing receptors

Question 60

the function of the auditory tube is to

Answer 60

connects the middle ear to the pharynx and allows air to pass between the cavity and the outside -helps to maintain equal pressure on both sides of the eardrum

Question 61

muscles involved with the tympanic reflex

Answer 61

stapedius muscle tensor tympani

Question 62

the structure that overlies the organ of corti is the

Answer 62

tectorial membrane