EARTH STRUCTURE

Question 1

The structure of the Earth consists of various spherical shells or layers that can be categorized in two manners:

Answer 1

a) Chemical/ Elemental compositions
b) Mechanical/physical properties

Question 2

more commonly discussed layers of earth; layers are defined based on its chemical or elemental composition

Answer 2

COMPOSITIONAL (CHEMICAL) LAYERS OF EARTH

Question 3

LAYERS OF EARTH

Answer 3

CRUST
MANTLE
CORE

Question 4

Consist of several elements

Answer 4

CRUST

Question 5

3 to 5 miles thick under the ocean and approximately 25 miles thick under the continents

Answer 5

CRUST

Question 6

ELEMENTS IN THE CRUST

Answer 6

46.6 OXYGEN
27.7 SILICON

Question 7

TYPRES OF CRUST

Answer 7

OCEANIC CRUST (Basaltic) 71%
CONTINENTAL CRUST (Granitic) 29%

Question 8

Sediments coat the seafloor, thickest near the shore

Answer 8

OCEANIC CRUST (Basaltic) 71%

Question 8

Composed of magma that erupts on the seafloor to create basalt lava flow; or cools deeper down to create igneous rock gabbro

Answer 8

OCEANIC CRUST (Basaltic) 71%

Question 9

Made up of different types of rocks

Answer 9

CONTINENTAL CRUST (Granitic) 29%

Question 10

Average composition is granite which is less dense than mafic igneous rocks oceanic crust

Answer 10

CONTINENTAL CRUST (Granitic) 29%

Question 11

Thicker part of the crust

Answer 11

CONTINENTAL CRUST (Granitic) 29%

Question 12

Layer under the crust, compromises 82% of Earth volume

Answer 12

MANTLE

Question 13

About 1, 800 miles deep

Answer 13

MANTLE

Question 14

About 1, 800 miles deep

Answer 14

MANTLE

Question 15

Heat causes rocks to rise

Answer 15

MANTLE

Question 16

TYPES OF MANTLE

Answer 16

CONVECTION
CONDUCTIO

Question 17

heat transfer through rapid collision of atoms which only happens in solid

Answer 17

CONDUCTION

Question 18

heat flows from warmer to cooler places until it reaches same temperature

Answer 18

CONDUCTION

Question 19

process of material that can move and flow and develops convection currents

Answer 19

CONVECTION

Question 20

Center of the Earth made of 85% iron metal and 15% nickel

Answer 20

CORE

Question 21

TYPES OF CORE

Answer 21

INNER CORE
OUTER CORE

Question 22

Solid part of the core made of iron

Answer 22

Inner core

Question 23

Has a radius of about 760 miles according to NASA

Answer 23

Inner core

Question 24

Hottest layer of earth at 7000°C

Answer 24

Inner core

Question 25

Liquid part of the core composed of nickel-iron alloy

Answer 25

Outer core

Question 26

About 1,355 miles thick

Answer 26

Outer core

Question 27

Temperature at 5000°C

Answer 27

Outer core

Question 28

layers of earth defined and divided based on the behaviors of the layers; corresponds to the mechanical properties of the layers

Answer 28

MECHANICAL (PHYSICAL) LAYERS OF EARTH

Question 29

TYPES OF MECHANICAL (PHYSICAL) LAYERS OF EARTH

Answer 29

(LAMOI) LITHOSPHERE ASTHENOSPHERE MESOSPHERE OUTERCORE INNERCORE

Question 30

the solid, outer part of the Earth; includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth's structure

Answer 30

LITHOSPHERE

Question 31

bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere

Answer 31

LITHOSPHERE

Question 32

sometimes called the Geosphere itself

Answer 32

LITHOSPHERE

Question 33

the soft upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere,

Answer 33

ASTHENOSPHERE

Question 34

relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.

Answer 34

ASTHENOSPHERE

Question 35

layer below the asthenosphere but above the outer core; essentially the lower mantle.

Answer 35

MESOSPHERE

Question 36

Despite high temperatures, the intense pressure in this region restricts the movements of the molecules of the silicate material despite being under high temperature, thus making it extremely rigid.

Answer 36

MESOSPHERE

Question 37

extends from the bottom of the mesosphere or the lower mantle and surrounds the inner core

Answer 37

OUTER CORE

Question 38

extreme temperature allows metals to remain in their liquid phases

Answer 38

OUTER CORE

Question 39

the only layer of the Earth that is a true liquid

Answer 39

OUTER CORE

Question 40

Strong magnetic field is caused by convection

Answer 40

OUTER CORE

Question 41

solidity is due to the intense pressure from the upper layers

Answer 41

INNER CORE

Question 42

Spins at different speed than the rest of the planet, which is thought to cause the Earth’s magnetic field

Answer 42

INNER CORE