Eating Behaviour

Question 1

Behaviour

Answer 1

The response of an organism to a stimulus

Question 2

Behaviours can be…

Answer 2

• Unconscious

- Conscious

Question 3

Higher-level voluntary or conscious behaviours require…

Answer 3

Motivation

Question 4

Motivation is…

Answer 4

The driving force behind a behaviour and can be simple (need to urinate), or complex (need to sing and dance when happy)

Question 5

WC model

Answer 5

• The water fills up (increasing motivation) until it reaches its limit
• Flushing releases the behaviour and the motivation is low
• Gradually the motivation builds up again until there needs to be another release

Question 6

The more basic survival behaviours are controlled by…?

Answer 6

The hypothalamus

Question 7

What does the hypothalamus develop from?

Answer 7

The diencephalon

Question 8

A lesion on both sides of a rat’s lateral hypothalamus caused?

Answer 8

Anorexia

Question 9

Bilateral lesions of the venteromedial hypothalamus caused?

Answer 9

Overeating and obesity

Question 10

Lateral hypothalamus was known as?

Answer 10

Hunger centre

Question 11

Venteromedial hypothalamus was known as?

Answer 11

Satiety centre

Question 12

Kennedy (1953)

Answer 12

Proposed that the brain monitors fat levels and acts to maintain them (lipostatic hypothesis)

Question 13

Coleman (late 1960s)

Answer 13

Proposed a soluble factor in obese mice (from the ob gene) fooled the brain into thinking fat levels were normal, so the mouse continued to eat

Question 14

Friedman (1994)

Answer 14

Isolated protein leptin

Question 15

Leptin

Answer 15

Is released by fat cells to decrease eating behaviour and increase energy expenditure

Question 16

High levels of leptin act on receptors on neurones in the _____ _____ of the hypothalamus

Answer 16

Arcuate nucleus

Question 17

The neurones that are activated contain neurotransmitters ____ and _____

Answer 17

Alpha-MSH and CART

Question 18

These neurons send projections to…

Answer 18

• Lower brain stem and spinal cord
• Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
• Lateral hypothalamus

Question 19

Stimulation of the _____ _____ acts to release TSH and ACTH from the ____ ____ ____

Answer 19

Paraventricular nucleus

Anterior pituitary gland

Question 20

What do TSH and ACTH act on?

Answer 20

The thyroid and adrenal glands

Question 21

What is the function of TSH and ACTH?

Answer 21

To increase the BMR

Question 22

Stimulation of the brainstem and upper spinal cord increases ____ activity causing ____ body temperature and _____ BMR

Answer 22

Sympathetic
Raised
Increased

Question 23

Feeding behaviour is inhibited by ____ motor activity through stimulation of cells in the ____ _____

Answer 23

Somatic

Lateral hypothalamus

Question 24

What mimics the effect of raised leptin levels and what can the be called?

Answer 24

Injections of alpha-MSH and CART

Can be called anoretic peptides

Question 25

Falling levels of leptin stimulate other neurones in the arcuate nucleus; these contain ____ and _____

Answer 25

NPY | AgRP

Question 26

NPY and AgRP

Answer 26

- Inhibit TSH and ACTH secretion - Activate the parasympathetic nervous system - Stimulate feeding behaviour - Are called orexigenic peptides

Question 27

What is gherelin?

Answer 27

A hormone which is released into the bloodstream from an empty stomach and stimulates NPY and AgRP release (stimulates feeding)

Question 28

What are short term signals in feeding called?

Answer 28

Satiety signals

Question 29

Mood and food

Answer 29

Post-absorption of food (especially carbs) elevate serotonin levels