PSYC 300 > Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Eating Disorders Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Eating Disorders and Sleep Disorders rarely exist in isolation

Emotional & Behavioral Dysregulation: How we cope

A
  • Links Mood Disorders and Eating Disorders
  • Eating behaviors are often a maladaptive coping mechanism for underlying emotional distress
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2
Q

Eating Disorders and Sleep Disorders rarely exist in isolation

Biological & Rhythmic Dysregulation: How our systems function

A
  • Links Mood Disorders and Sleep Disorders
  • Sleep and mood are governed by shared, interconnected biological systems
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3
Q

Eating as Maladaptive Coping: Individuals with eating disorders often struggle with…

A

“mood intolerance”

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4
Q

Eating as Maladaptive Coping: what behaviours are used to manage negative emotions/anxiety?

A
  • Bingeing, purging, or exercise can be used to reduce anxiety
  • In Anorexia, restriction can provide a sense of control and manage anxiety
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5
Q

Eating as Maladaptive Coping: how does this create a harmful cycle

A

Low Mood/Anxiety → Binge/Purge/Restrict → Temporary Relief → Guilt/Shame → Worse Mood

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6
Q

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

A

Avoidance of food due to sensory issues or fear of aversive consequences; leads to nutritional/energy deficits; not driven by body image concerns

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7
Q

Pica

A

Persistent eating of non-food, non-nutritive substances (E.G. clay, dirt), inappropriate for development stage

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8
Q

Rumination Disorder

A

Repeated regurgitation of food not due to a medical condition, with food being re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out

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9
Q

Other specified feeding or eating disorder

A

Clincally significant symptoms that don’t meet full criteria for other EDS

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10
Q

Bulimia Nervosa - CLINICAL FEATURES

A
  • Recurrent binge eating with loss of control
  • Compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain by vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise
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11
Q

Bulimia Nervosa - is purging effective?

A

common but only partially effective (vomiting eliminates ~50% of calories)

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12
Q

Bulimia Nervosa - why did the DSM remove purging vs. non-purging subtypes?

A

due to lack of meaningful clinical distinction

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13
Q

Bulimia Nervosa - Medical Consequences

A
  • Salivary gland enlargement, dental erosion, electrolyte imbalances risking arrhythmias and kidney failure
  • Intestinal problems and hand calluses from purging
  • May paradoxically have higher body fat than peers despite efforts to stay thin
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14
Q

Bulimia Nervosa - PSYCHOLOGICAL COMORBIDITIES

A
  • Anxiety, depression (as consequence, not cause)
  • BPD
  • Substance use (alcohol, nicotine), linked to impulsivity
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15
Q

Bulimia Nervosa - Psychological Comorbidities: ASSOCIATED WITH…

A
  • Non-suicidal self-injury
  • Impulsive behaviors
  • Compulsive shoplifting
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16
Q

Anorexia Nervosa - Definition

A

Intense fear of weight gain and relentless pursuit of thinness leading to significantly low body weight

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17
Q

Anorexia Nervosa - Denial?

A

Denial of illness and distorted body image; individuals often believe they are overweight despite emaciation

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18
Q

Anorexia Nervosa - Pride?

OPPOSED TO BULIMIA

A

Pride in self-control and restrictive eating, unlike bulimia’s shame and secrecy

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19
Q

Anorexia Nervosa - Onset

Study These Flashcards
A

Typically begins in adolescence, often after dieting

20
Q

Anorexia Nervosa - TWO SUBTYPES/PHASES

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A
  • Restricting type: limits food intake
  • Binge-eating/purging type: purges even after small meals
21
Q

Anorexia Nervosa - Medical Consequences

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A
  • Amenorrhea (no longer diagnostic), dry skin, brittle hair/nails, cold sensitivity, lanugo (fine body hair)
  • Low blood pressure, slow heart rate, risk of cardiac or kidney failure if purging occurs
22
Q

Anorexia Nervosa - BMI?

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A

BMI often around 16 at treatment start (healthy range 18.5-24.9)

23
Q

Anorexia Nervosa - Common Comorbidities…

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A

Common comorbidity with anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive traits related to food/weight

24
Q

Anorexia Nervosa - Psychological Profile

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A
  • Substance use and suicide, especially with concurrent substance use
  • May hoard or obsessively prepare food without eating it, as a way to manage anxiety and maintain a sense of control
25
Bulimia vs. Anorexia - major differences
* BN: recurrent **binging** with compensatory behaviours, AN: recurrent **restriction** * BN: shame/guilt, AN: pride
26
Bulimia & Anorexia: Comorbidities Comparison
* Bulimia: 95% have at least one additional disorder * Anorexia: 56–80% have additional disorders
27
Bulimia & Anorexia: BN shows higher rates in (2)
Bulimia shows higher rates of **substance use** and **borderline personality traits** (e.g., suicidality, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity)
28
Bulimia & Anorexia: Lifetime prevalence
1. Bulimia: ~1–4.5% 2. Anorexia: ~0.3–1.5% (stricter low-weight criteria)
29
Bulimia & Anorexia: Age of Onset
* Typically **adolescence to early adulthood (15–19 years)** * Anorexia onset ~1 year **earlier** than bulimia
30
Bulimia & Anorexia: Gender Differences - more common in...
Both more common in females (75–90%)
31
Bulimia & Anorexia: Gender Differences - **women with AN**
* Women with anorexia: calorie restriction, feeling “never thin enough”
32
Bulimia & Anorexia: Gender Differences - **men with AN**
* Men with anorexia: rigid dieting/exercise, “too small” or “not muscular enough”
33
Bulimia & Anorexia: Treatment Response
* **Bulimia**: **high symptom persistence** but **better initial treatment response** * **Anorexia**: **higher mortality** (medical and suicide risk) with **slower, lower recovery rates**
34
Binge-Eating Disorder
Recurrent binge eating with significant distress, without compensatory behaviors
35
Binge-Eating Disorder - Treatment Response?
Generally better treatment response and higher remission rates than anorexia or bulimia
36
Cross-cultural Considerations - **cultural specificity**
EDs more common in White, Western, college populations
37
Cross-cultural Considerations - **immigration effect**
EDs emerge post-immigration to Western cultures (e.g., Egyptian, Asian women)
38
Cross-cultural Considerations - risk increases with?
socioeconomic status/wealth, overweight status, Western acculturation
39
Cross-cultural Considerations - **body ideals & variation**
* Canadian and Indian women share a similar drive for thinness * Canadian women focus on abdomen, hips, and thighs; Indian women on face, neck, and upper torso * Black girls: less body dissatisfaction than White girls * China: anorexia linked more to acne or somatic symptoms than fear of being fat * Hong Kong: shifting ideals via Western + classical beauty norms * Japan: very low but rising ED rates alongside Westernization
40
**Bio**psychosocial influences
* **Inherited vulnerability (unstable or excessive neurobiological response to stress associated with impulsive eating)** * Emotional instability and perfectionism traits * Excessive exercise may suppress appetite
41
Bio**psycho**social influences
* Anxiety focused on appearance * Distorted body image * Low self-esteem + control * Mood intolerance
42
Biopsycho**social** influences
* Cultural or familial pressures to be thin * Appearance/weight-sensitive sports or performance
43
Treatment of EDs: Medications - **AN**
* Medications not effective, even post–weight restoration * Patients with very low BMI may require inpatient refeeding first
44
Treatment of EDs: Medications - **BN**
* SSRIs (esp. fluoxetine) reduce binge/purge episodes by up to 65% * Short-term benefits only; best used with CBT, not alone
45
Treatments of EDS - Psychosocial: **Bulimia**
* CBT enhanced * Targets: regular meals, body image beliefs, purging * Effective for purging * Predictors: access, motivation
46
Treatments of EDS - Psychosocial: Binge-eating Disorder
* Adapted CBT * Targets: meal planning, triggers & habits, behavioural monitoring * Effective for binging * Predictors: early response by week 4
47
Treatments of EDS - Psychosocial: Anorexia
* Weight restoration, family-based therapy (FBT) * Targets: weight gain, fear of obesity, motivation * NOTE: inpatient if severly underweight * No clear effectiveness * Predictors: early weight gain, family support
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