EBP

Question 1

inductive reasoning

Answer 1

starts with a specific premise and moves to the general.

IN-duction: i have specific data out there and i bring it IN to to make the generalization

Question 2

deductive reasoning

Answer 2

starts with a general premise and moves to a specific deduction

I have a big picture and from there logically figure out what is true as far as specifics

Question 2

what research method uses data reported in numbers, or categories?

Answer 2

quantitative

Question 3

what are some examples of quantitative data?

Answer 3

kg, cm, Fº or Cº, race, gender

Question 4

what research method uses closed-ended questions?

Answer 4

quantitative

Question 5

what are examples of closed-ended questions used in research?

Answer 5

rating scales, standardized tests, checklists and biophysical tests

Question 6

what is the main purpose of quantitative research?

Answer 6

to gather enough data from subjects using sound sampling methods to be able to generalize results to a similar population

Question 7

what is the definition of qualitative research?

Answer 7

not to generalize data but to share specific experiences of those involved in the study.

Question 8

what is the purpose of qualitative research?

Answer 8

to gain understanding of a phenomenon or concept, or explain behavior perceptions or ideas

Question 9

what types of methods of gathering data are used in qualitative research?

Answer 9

interviews, focus groups, journals, observations and discussions by audio, video and internet

Question 10

open-ended questions are used in what type of research?

Answer 10

qualitative

Question 11

true or false: a hypothesis is used in both quantitative and qualitative research

Answer 11

false. is is not used in qualitative research

Question 12

qualitative research uses ________ data

Answer 12

subjective

Question 13

quantitative research uses ___________ data

Answer 13

objective

Question 14

what are the 2 primary purposes of IRBs?

Answer 14

1. protect the research participants from harm
2. ensure that the research is of value

Question 15

who oversees the ethical standards established by the United states department of health and human services (USDHHS)

Answer 15

IRBs (institutional review boards)

Question 16

who is on the IRBs?

Answer 16

healthcare professionals and people from the community who are willing to review and critique research proposals

Question 17

where will you find IRBs?

Answer 17

any federally funded hospital, university, or other federally funded healthcare facility

Question 18

what does the P in PICOT stand for?

Answer 18

patient population or problem

Question 19

what does the I in PICOT stand for?

Answer 19

intervention, treatment, cause or contributing factor

Question 20

what does the C in PICOT stand for?

Answer 20

comparison intervention

Question 21

what does the O in PICOT stand for?

Answer 21

outcome

Question 22

what does the T in PICOT stand for?

Answer 22

time

Question 23

this sample question is an example of what part of PICOT?
“would a hydrocolloid dressing help with skin integrity?”

Answer 23

I; intervention, treatment, cause contributing factor (what might help the situation?)

Question 24

"As compared with applying gauze dressing after incontinent episodes" is an example of what part of PICOT?

Answer 24

c; comparison intervention

Question 24

"after incontinent episodes" would fit into which part of PICOT?

Answer 24

T; time (how often measured, how long is treatment?)

Question 25

what part of PICOT is "for patients with impaired skin integrity (sacrum perineum) related to urinary incontinence"?

Answer 25

P; patient population or problem

Question 26

what part of PICOT is "to prevent or reduce sacral excoriation? are there any undesired effects associated with the intervention?"?

Answer 26

O; outcome (what do you hope to achieve?)

Question 27

How many steps are in EBP?

Answer 27

6

Question 28

what is involved in the first step of EBP?

Answer 28

ask a clinical question using PICOT (patient, intervention, comparison, outcome, time)

Question 29

what is the second step of EBP?

Answer 29

search for the best evidence on the clinical question

Question 30

what is important to always do when searching for the best evidence?

Answer 30

evaluate all data sources for credibility and reliability

Question 31

what is the third step in the EBP?

Answer 31

critically appraise and synthesize the evidence

Question 32

what are the three essential questions to focus on in the critical appraisal of evidence?

Answer 32

1. what are the results? 2. are the results reliable and valid? 3. will the results help me in caring for my patients? (decide the strength of the evidence)

Question 33

what is the 4th step in EBP?

Answer 33

implement the evidence in practice

Question 33

what is step 6 of EBP?

Answer 33

sharing the results of EBP change so others can benefit from the knowledge

Question 34

what is step 5 in EBP?

Answer 34

evaluating the outcome of the practice change to determine if the change has improved patient outcome

Question 35

why is it vital for nurses to base nursing care on sound, scientific evidence rather than strictly anecdotal or historical practice?

Answer 35

because healthcare changes rapidly

Question 35

what may be involved in step 4 of EBP? what kinds of changes may be inplemented?

Answer 35

developmental practice guidelines, policies, procedures or new assessment, teaching or documentation tools

Question 36

what are the 7 steps of the research process (PP notes)?

Answer 36

1. select and define the problem 2. search for info on topic 3. hypothesis, question 4. research design 5. collect data 6. analyze data 7. report research findings

Question 37

what are the 4 rights of research participants?

Answer 37

right not to be harmed right to full disclosure right to self-determination right to privacy

Question 38

what part of PICOT is sometimes not used?

Answer 38

T time

Question 39

what are 5 barriers to research?

Answer 39

-lack of knowledge of research -lack of support -negative attitudes -study finding not ready for clinical environment -inadequate forum for disseminating research

Question 40

define nursing research

Answer 40

a systemic, objective process of analyzing phenomena of importance in nursing. encompasses clinical, teaching and administration

Question 41

a patient has pitting pedal edema, crackles and an elevated blood pressure. the nurse concludes that the patient has fluid volume excess. which type of reasoning did the nurse use?

Answer 41

inductive