EC AND DATA Figures

Question 1

If the boundary layer around a cell is thick, the diffusion rate will:

A) increase compared to a thinner boundary layer

B) decrease the speed of trans cellular transport

C) result in the opening of more ion channels

D) affect active transport mechanisms

Answer 1

B) decrease the speed of transcellular transport

Question 2

Which statement accurately describes diffusion and osmosis?

A) Diffusion can be either active and passive, osmosis is only passive

B) Both diffusion and osmosis involve the movement of water

C) diffusion refers to the movement of particles; osmosis results in diluting a more concentrated solution

D) diffusion and osmosis involve the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Answer 2

C) diffusion refers to the movement of particles; osmosis results in diluting a more concentrated solution

Question 3

Colligative properties are best described as

A) relying on the chemical nature of the solutes dissolved in the solution

B) determined by the concentration of undissolved solutes

C) influenced by the diffusion of water

D) dependent on the number of solute particles present

Answer 3

D) dependent on the number of solute particles present

Question 4

Which one is not a way for animals to minimize a disruption to homeostasis?

A) increase permeability

B) decrease permeability

C) evolve channels through the cell membrane

D) evolve mechanisms to pump material across the cell membrane

Answer 4

A) increase permeability

Question 5

Freshwater and Seawater animals have integuments with low permeability to ensure that

A) ATP production is sufficient to maintain normal blood composition

B) water exchange is maximized without requiring energy expenditure

C) water exchange is minimized without requiring energy expenditure

D) ATP production is sufficient to maintain normal intracellular fluid concentration

Answer 5

C) water exchange is minimized without requiring energy expenditure

Question 6

Tonicity is best described as

A) describes the solution and the cell relative to one another

B) takes into account the concentration of solutes that can pass through the membrane

C) describes what happens when the cell is places into a solution

D) all of the above

E) none of the above

Answer 6

A) describes the solution and the cell relative to one another

Question 7

If the blood pressure in the glomerular capillary is +10 kPa, the filtration pressure is +6 kPa, and the capsular fluid hydrostatic pressure is -2 kPa, then the colloid osmotic pressure is —- kPa

A) - 2

B) - 4

C) 2

D) 4

Answer 7

A) - 2

Question 8

The movement of a substrate through two cells is known as

A) concentration gradient

B) transcellular transport

C) active transport

D) boundary layer

Answer 8

B) transcellular transport

Question 9

Which of the following best describes homeostasis

A) Maintaining stability despite chronic or extreme changes

B) Most efficient regulation, often anticipatory

C) May result in a temporary change in the set point

D) Detecting errors and then corrects them via negative feedback

Answer 9

D) Detecting errors and then corrects them via negative feedback

Question 10

Under which scenario would you expect organic osmolytes to increase in the interior of the cell

A) in a freshwater environment

B) in a seawater environment

C) in a river

D) in an estuary

Answer 10

B) in a seawater environment

Question 11

The NKCC co-transporter found in the hindgut of insects plays an important role in allowing the animal to reclaim H2O. Which ion is against its concentration gradient through the NKCC co-transporter?

A) Cl -

B) Na +

C) Ca +

D) H2O

Answer 11

A) Cl -

Question 12

Figure 1

A) In pupae, GFP signal is detected in the —- part (B) but not in the —- (A). The GFP signal —– in the abdomen of the adult fly

Answer 12

A) The hindgut-specific expression pattern of the hindgut-Gal4 line as visualized using UAS-GFP. In pupae, GFP signal is detected in the posterior part (B) but not in the anterior part (A). The GFP signal is detected in the abdomen of the adult fly

Question 13

Figure 2

B) —- is localized at the basolateral membrane of the —-.

Answer 13

Ine is localized at the basolateral membrane of the hindgut epithelial cells.

Question 14

Figure 3

A) The loss of ine in the hindgut epithelium disrupts —–, which leads to death under conditions of external
——.

Answer 14

The loss of ine in the hindgut epithelium disrupts systemic water homeostasis, which leads to death under conditions of external hypertonicity.

Question 15

Figure 4

B) Specific overexpression of ine in the hindgut epithelium can restore —– and rescue —– under dietary hypertonicity in ine mutants

Answer 15

Specific overexpression of ine in the hindgut epithelium can restore disrupted systemic water homeostasis and rescue lethality under dietary hypertonicity in ine mutants

Question 16

Figure 5

A) External hypertonicity does not damage —— in the absence of —–.

Answer 16

External hypertonicity does not damage anterior hindgut epithelial cells in the absence of ine.

Question 17

Figure 6

B) —- in the hindgut is essential for water conservation under conditions of desiccation

Answer 17

Ine in the hindgut is essential for water conservation under conditions of desiccation