1
Q
Types of containers in AWS
A
- Amazon Elastic Container - ECR
- Amazon Elastic Container Service - ECS
- Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service - EKS
2
Q
ECR
A
Amazon Elastic Container
Stores, shares, and deploy container software
3
Q
ECS
A
Amazon Elastic Container Service
- Fully managed and serverless using Fargate
- Run on EC2, Fargate
- Supports Docker and Docker Compose CLI
4
Q
EKS
A
Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service
- Fully managed (EKS) open-source system
- Can run on EC2, Fargate, EKS on outposts
- Supports Kubernetes
5
Q
You need to use Docker to manage your newly deployed container-based application. Which AWS service can help you manage the app?
A
ECS - Amazon Elastic Container Service
6
Q
What is Fargate
A
It is a pay-as-you-go auto-scaling compute engine.
1. You build your container image
2. Define memory and compute resources
3. Run and manage container resources
It does not share kernels, CPU, memory resources, elastic network interfacing that provide isolation
Like a minifactory that you just ask what you need and this will create everything for you. No need to worry on the hows
7
Q
Fargate vs Lambda
A
- Lambda run < 15 mins
- Fargate >15 mins
- Lambda and Fargate are both serverless
- Lambda has a ALWAYS free-tier
- Fargate you pay for the resources you used (vCPUs, memory and storage)
8
Q
What is amazon EBS
A
Elastic Block Store
- It’s directly attached
- Reliable (high availability and durability)
- Ensures data is preserved, even if the instance crashes.
Scalability.
- EBS can be expanded on the fly without any downtime.
- EBS also has snapshot capabilities.
This means it can take backups and also use these backups to create new volumes.
EBS use cases are hosting relational or NoSQL databases, data warehousing and big data analytics,
and also enterprise resource planning and customer relationship management applications.
9
Q
What is EFS
A
Elastic File System
EFS is a scalable file storage solution for EC2 and other AWS services.
Some key features of EFS is it’s fully managed.
This simplifies the complexities of deploying and maintaining advanced file systems.
EFS grows and shrinks automatically as you add and remove files.
It’s designed to be accessed by multiple EC2 instances
from various AWS services simultaneously.
10
Q
Instance Stores
A
Temporary block level storage directly attached to the EC2 instance.
Unlike EBS, the storage is ephemeral, and it’s ideal for temporary data.
Some key features of instance stores is its high I/O performance.
Data on instance store volumes is lost if the instance stops, terminates, or crashes.
No extra cost.
Temporary storage of information like caches or buffers.
It’s suitable for workloads that need to write and discard large amounts of data.
11
Q
How alike or different are
EBS - EFS - Instance Store
A
EBS and EFS –> you gotta pay
Instance Store –> free but ephimeral one instance disappears
12
Q
Storage class - S3 Standard
A
- Frequently accessed data
- High throughput performance and low latency
- Can scale automatically
to handle your storage needs - across multiple devices in multiple facilities
13
Q
Storage class - S3 Standard-Infrequent Access
A
- Data that’s less frequently accessed, but requires rapid access when needed
- Retrieval fee, it’s best for data accessed less frequently, but quickly when needed.
13
Q
Storage class - S3 Intelligent-Tiering
A
- Data with unpredictable access patterns, it automatically moves data between two access tiers.
- Designed for savings in storage costs without performance impact.
14
Q
Storage class - One Zone-Infrequent Access
A
- storing data in just one availability zone
- Cost-effective, but slightly less durable
than multiple zone options - Secondary backup or data that’s easily reproducible.
15
Q
Storage class - S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval
A
- immediate access to your archive data.
It’s an archive storage class
that delivers the lowest cost storage for long-lived data
that is rarely accessed
and requires retrieval in milliseconds.
16
Q
Storage class - S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval
A
- isn’t accessed as much
- archive data that is accessed
one to two times per year - archive data that does not require immediate access,
but needs the flexibility to retrieve
large sets of data at no cost.
17
Q
Storage class - S3 Glacier Deep Archive
A
- Cost-effective for long-term archival,
- Retrieval can take up to 12 hours.
18
Q
Amazon FSX Storage
A
- Fully managed Windows File System that’s crafted for Windows specific workloads.
- workloads
that require native Windows features
-
19
Q
Elastic Disaster Recovery
A
- pay only for the servers you are actively replicating to AWS.
20
Q
SSD-backed Volumes
A
- Solid State Drive
- Faster
- More expensive
- Ideal for high IOPS
21
Q
HDD-backed Volumes
A
- Hard Disk Drive
- Slower
- Less expensive
- Ideal for throughput tasks (handle high volumes of work efficiently)
22
Q
AWS Storage Gateway
A
- Bridge between on-premise data and cloud data in S3
- Hybrid storage service to allow on- premises to seamlessly use the AWS Cloud
- Use cases: disaster recovery, backup & restore, tiered storage
- Types of Storage Gateway:
- File Gateway
- Volume Gateway
- Tape Gateway
- FSx File Gateway
23
Q
AWS Backup
A
- Creates bkps across multiple AWS services (EC2, EBS, FSx)
- Encryption and Compliance
- Centralized Backup Management - simplifies overseeing bkps
- Automated bkp scheduling
- Cross-regio & Account Bkp - disaster recovery
24
What are outposts
it is like a small place where data can be saved, it is closer to my service for faster retrieval, still connected to AWS main
25
What is Amazon RDS?
A managed relational Database as a Service where AWS handles hardware, OS, and maintenance.
26
Which engines does RDS support?
MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and Amazon Aurora.
27
What does single AZ RDS mean?
The instance and its storage are in one AZ, making it vulnerable to AZ failure.
28
What is Multi AZ RDS?
A primary DB with a synchronous standby replica in another AZ for high availability.
29
What is a read replica in RDS?
An asynchronous, read only copy used to improve performance and availability.
30
What type of replication does Multi AZ use?
Synchronous replication.
31
What type of replication do read replicas use?
Asynchronous replication.
32
What is Amazon Aurora?
A high performance, MySQL and PostgreSQL compatible database with a cluster architecture.
33
What storage architecture does Aurora use?
A shared cluster volume across multiple AZs for speed and resilience.
34
What is Aurora Serverless?
A version of Aurora that auto scales using ACUs and can pause to save cost.
35
What is an Aurora Global Database?
A globally replicated Aurora cluster with sub second replication for DR and performance.
36
What is Amazon DynamoDB?
A fully managed NoSQL key value database that scales automatically and is highly resilient.
37
What scaling modes does DynamoDB support?
Provisioned capacity and on demand capacity.
38
What is DynamoDB Global Tables?
A globally replicated DynamoDB configuration for global resilience and low latency.
39
What is Amazon ElastiCache?
A managed in memory caching service supporting Redis and Memcached.
40
What is ElastiCache used for?
Caching reads, reducing DB load, and storing user session state.
41
What is DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)?
A DynamoDB specific in memory cache for microsecond read latency and high read workloads.
42
Is DAX good for strongly consistent reads?
No, DAX is better for eventually consistent reads.
43
What is Amazon Redshift?
A petabyte scale, columnar, OLAP data warehouse for analytics.
44
What type of workloads is Redshift designed for?
OLAP analytical queries, not OLTP transactions.
45
What is Redshift Spectrum?
A feature allowing Redshift to query data directly in Amazon S3.
46
What is AWS Snowcone?
A small Snow device supporting up to 8 TB of data transfer.
47
What is AWS Snowball Edge?
A device for migrating TB to PB scale data with compute and storage capabilities.
48
What is AWS Snowmobile?
A truck sized device for migrating PB to EB scale data.
49
What is AWS DMS?
A managed service for database migration with minimal downtime.
50
What does the Schema Conversion Tool do?
Converts database schemas between engine types during migrations.
51
What is AWS DataSync?
A managed service for fast online transfer of data between on premises and AWS storage services.
52
Which services can DataSync transfer to?
Amazon S3, Amazon EFS, Amazon FSx for Windows File Server.
53
What type of data processing is RDS best suited for?
OLTP transactional workloads.
54
What type of data processing is Redshift best suited for?
OLAP analytical workloads.
55
What advantages do managed databases like RDS provide?
Automated backups, patching, updates, monitoring, failover, and less operational overhead.
56
How is using a DB on EC2 different from RDS?
EC2 provides full control but requires managing OS, patches, backups, scaling, and failover manually.
57
When should you choose DynamoDB over RDS?
When you need a fully managed, highly scalable NoSQL key value store with minimal management.
58
When is Redshift a better choice than RDS?
When workloads require analytics, reporting, or large scale data warehousing (OLAP).
59
How do availability and failover work in RDS Multi AZ?
RDS performs synchronous replication to a standby instance and fails over automatically during issues.
60
What is the benefit of RDS read replicas?
Improved read performance and reduced load on the primary database.
61
Why is Aurora faster than traditional RDS engines?
Aurora uses a distributed, shared storage architecture that improves performance and availability.
62
When should you use Aurora Serverless?
When workloads vary and you want automatic scaling and pause resume cost savings.
63
When should DAX be used?
For DynamoDB workloads requiring microsecond latency and high read throughput.
64
When should ElastiCache be used?
When applications need caching to improve read performance or store session data.
65
When should Snowball Edge be used?
To migrate TB to PB of data or to run compute workloads in remote locations.
66
When should Snowmobile be used?
When migrating PB to EB scale data during large data center migrations.
67
When should DMS be used?
For database migrations requiring minimal downtime or heterogeneous migrations.
68
When is DataSync preferred over Snow services?
When transferring large data sets over the network for ongoing sync or migration.
69
What is cloud storage?
A cloud computing model where a provider manages and operates data storage as a service with global access and pay-as-you-go pricing.
70
What are key benefits of cloud storage?
No hardware provisioning, on-demand capacity, lifecycle management, global access, and pay only for what you use.
71
What are the three main types of cloud storage?
Object storage, file storage, and block storage.
72
What is Amazon S3?
A globally resilient object storage service storing unlimited data across multiple AZs.
73
Where is Amazon S3 stored?
In a specific AWS Region but accessible from anywhere.
74
How many objects can S3 store?
Effectively unlimited; individual objects can be 0 bytes to 5 TB.
75
Are S3 bucket names global or regional?
Global; bucket names must be unique worldwide.
76
How do you prevent accidental deletion or overwrite in S3?
Enable S3 versioning.
77
What is the lowest-cost S3 storage class?
S3 Glacier Deep Archive.
78
When should you use Glacier Deep Archive?
Long-term archives needing retrieval within 12 hours.
79
Is S3 an object store, file system, or block store?
Object store.
80
What is Amazon EFS?
A scalable, shared file system for Linux instances accessible by multiple EC2 instances.
81
What workloads is EFS good for?
Content repositories, dev environments, media storage, user directories.
82
Does EFS support Windows?
No, EFS is for Linux only.
83
What is Amazon FSx for Windows?
A fully managed Windows file system using SMB protocol and Active Directory integration.
84
What performance does FSx for Windows offer?
Up to 10 GBps and millions of IOPS.
85
What is Amazon FSx for Lustre?
A high-performance parallel file system for Linux clusters, ML, HPC, and large-scale computing.
86
What is Amazon EBS?
Block storage volumes for EC2 instances offering persistent, low-latency storage.
87
What is Instance Store?
Fast, ephemeral storage physically attached to the EC2 host; data can be lost on stop/move.
88
Is Instance Store persistent?
No, it is ephemeral storage.
89
Is EBS persistent?
Yes, EBS is persistent and separate from instance hardware.
90
Which EBS volume type is best for most workloads?
General Purpose SSD (gp).
91
Which EBS type is best for large critical databases?
Provisioned IOPS SSD (io).
92
Which EBS type is best for streaming workloads?
Throughput Optimized HDD (st1).
93
Which EBS type is best for infrequently accessed, lowest-cost workloads?
Cold HDD (sc1).
94
What is an EBS snapshot?
A point-in-time backup of an EBS volume stored in S3.
95
What is AWS Storage Gateway?
A hybrid storage service enabling on-prem data to integrate with AWS storage services.
96
What is File Gateway?
Stores files as S3 objects with a local on-prem cache.
97
What is Volume Gateway?
Provides block storage via iSCSI with stored or cached modes.
98
What is Tape Gateway?
A virtual tape library stored in S3 for backup and archival.
99
What is AWS Backup?
A fully managed service to centralize and automate backups across AWS services and on-prem.
100
Which storage type is best for shared Linux file systems?
Amazon EFS.
101
Which storage type is best for Windows shared drives?
Amazon FSx for Windows.
102
Which storage type is best for HPC and ML clusters?
Amazon FSx for Lustre.
103
Which storage type is best for EC2 boot volumes?
Amazon EBS General Purpose SSD.
104
Which storage service is ideal for large-scale object storage?
Amazon S3.
105
What is AWS Fargate?
serverless compute engine
integrates with Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) and Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)
Auto-Scaling
container hosting platform
106
What is Amazon EFS
A fully managed elastic file system for Linux workloads that can be accessed by multiple EC2 instances at the same time
107
What problem does Amazon EFS solve
It provides shared scalable file storage without needing to manage hardware capacity redundancy or backups
108
Can multiple EC2 instances access the same EFS filesystem at once
Yes EFS supports multiple instances reading and writing simultaneously
109
Does EFS automatically scale storage
Yes EFS grows and shrinks automatically as you add or remove data
110
What are EFS lifecycle policies
Features that automatically move files between storage classes based on access patterns to reduce costs
111
Is Amazon EFS limited to one Availability Zone
No EFS can be accessed across multiple Availability Zones and even across Regions
112
What type of storage is Amazon EBS
EBS is persistent block storage that attaches to EC2 instances like a hard drive
113
Is EBS limited to one Availability Zone
Yes EBS volumes can only attach to EC2 instances within the same Availability Zone
114
Does EBS automatically scale storage capacity
No EBS volumes have fixed sizes and must be manually modified to increase capacity
115
Can EBS be shared by multiple EC2 instances at the same time
No EBS is typically attached to only one instance at a time
116
What is a key difference between EFS and EBS
EFS is shared elastic file storage while EBS is dedicated block storage for a single instance
117
Which service is best for shared storage across many servers
EFS
118
Which service is best for low latency block storage for one server
EBS
119
Does EFS require you to pre provision capacity
No EFS scales automatically without provisioning
120
Does EBS require provisioning capacity
Yes you must choose a volume size and adjust it manually if needed
121
Volume Gateway - Cached volume mode
stores primary data in the cloud while frequently accessed data is cached locally for low-latency access.
122
What is Amazon EFS
A fully managed elastic file system for Linux workloads that can be accessed by multiple EC2 instances at the same time
123
What problem does Amazon EFS solve
It provides shared scalable file storage without needing to manage hardware capacity redundancy or backups
124
Can multiple EC2 instances access the same EFS filesystem at once
Yes EFS supports multiple instances reading and writing simultaneously
125
Does EFS automatically scale storage
Yes EFS grows and shrinks automatically as you add or remove data
126
What are EFS lifecycle policies
Features that automatically move files between storage classes based on access patterns to reduce costs
127
Is Amazon EFS limited to one Availability Zone
No EFS can be accessed across multiple Availability Zones and even across Regions
128
What type of storage is Amazon EBS
EBS is persistent block storage that attaches to EC2 instances like a hard drive
129
Is EBS limited to one Availability Zone
Yes EBS volumes can only attach to EC2 instances within the same Availability Zone
130
Does EBS automatically scale storage capacity
No EBS volumes have fixed sizes and must be manually modified to increase capacity
131
Can EBS be shared by multiple EC2 instances at the same time
No EBS is typically attached to only one instance at a time
132
What is a key difference between EFS and EBS
EFS is shared elastic file storage while EBS is dedicated block storage for a single instance
133
Which service is best for shared storage across many servers
EFS
134
Which service is best for low latency block storage for one server
EBS
135
Does EFS require you to pre provision capacity
No EFS scales automatically without provisioning
136
Does EBS require provisioning capacity
Yes you must choose a volume size and adjust it manually if needed
My-Aws-Cloud Practitioner-training CLF-C02
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