How would you compensate for induction agent being administered too quickly?
Give 1-2 breaths and allow to start breathing spontaneously
What can occour if induction agent admininstered too quickly?
- tachycardia, hypotension, apnoea
What does an inspired CO2 of more than 0 indicate?
Rebreathing
- check sode lime and valves
What can cause tachycardia under GA?
- pain
- ligh anaesthesia
- hypovolaemia
- hypotension
- hypoxaemia
- hyerpcapinia
- hyperthermia
How can you evaluate the cause of tachycardia?
- palpate pulses
- blood pressure
- mm
- evaluate blood loss
- evaluate anaesthetic depth
- check pulse ox, capnograph, blood gas O2 and CO2
How much blood does a cat and dog have?
- cat 16ml/kg
- dog 19 ml/kg
How much blood can be lost acutely before intervention?
20% (monitor, as hypotension/tachycardia is too late!)
What is the half life of morphine?
4 hours
What side effect may morphine cause?
- respiratory depression
What can ^ intrathoracic pressure due to leaving valves closed cause?
- collapse of pulmonary capillaries (v preload)
- compression of heart changes (v filling)
- compression of aorta (^ afterload)
- dramatic v CO -> circulatory arrest
- alveolar damage and rupture -> pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum
What may occour in intubated cats?
- kinking/blockage of the tube as v thin
- oxygen saturation decreases
What would you do if ET tube blockage is suspected?
squeeze tube to check if blockage, remove and replace ET tube or aspirate with urianry catheter
Causes of prolonged anaesthetic recovery?
- hypothermia
- hypoglycaemia (usually neonates)
- anaesthetic OD
- hepatic/renal failure
- very thin or fat
- hypovolaemia
- hypotension
- CV collapse
What may prolonged anaesthetic recovery cause?
- brain hypoxia and brain death
How may brain hypoxuia be cause during GA?
Mouth held in open position compresses maxillary a. (dentals etc.)
What does dyspneoea with subcut emphysema suggest in cats?
Rupture trachea due to overinflated cuff
BAD
- radiograph to check for pneumomediastinum/pneumoperitoneum
What do you do in the case of a cardiopulmonary arrest due to anaesthetic OD?
> feel for pulses, listen with stethoscope, look for breathing efforts
- intubate
- ventilate
- cardiac massage (2 min cycles)
- reverse administered agents if possible (atipamizole etc.)
- give adrenaline/phenylephrine/atropine
