physiology > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What does the P wave represent in an ECG?
A

Atrial depolarization

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2
Q
  1. The QRS complex in an ECG corresponds to which cardiac event?
A

Ventricular depolarization

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3
Q
  1. What is the normal duration of the PR interval?
A

0.12 to 0.20 seconds

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4
Q
  1. ST-segment elevation is most commonly associated with which condition?
A

Myocardial infarction

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5
Q
  1. Which electrolyte imbalance is indicated by peaked T waves on an ECG?
A

Hyperkalemia

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6
Q
  1. A prolonged QT interval may predispose a patient to which arrhythmia?
A

Torsades de Pointes

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7
Q
  1. What does the T wave represent in an ECG?
A

Ventricular repolarization

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8
Q
  1. In a standard 12-lead ECG, which leads are considered the limb leads?
A

Leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF

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9
Q
  1. What is the significance of a pathological Q wave on an ECG?
A

Indicates previous myocardial infarction

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10
Q
  1. Which condition is characterized by a ‘sawtooth’ pattern on the ECG?
A

Atrial flutter

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11
Q
  1. What does a widened QRS complex indicate?
A

Ventricular conduction delay, such as bundle branch block

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12
Q
  1. In which leads would you typically observe changes indicative of an inferior myocardial infarction?
A

Leads II, III, and aVF

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13
Q
  1. What is the heart rate if the R-R interval is 5 large squares on an ECG?
A

60 beats per minute

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14
Q
  1. Which ECG finding is characteristic of hypokalemia?
A

Presence of U waves

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15
Q
  1. The presence of delta waves on an ECG is indicative of which syndrome?
A

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome

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16
Q
  1. What is the normal axis range for the QRS complex in adults?
A

-30° to +90°

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17
Q
  1. Which ECG change is commonly seen in patients with pericarditis?
A

Diffuse ST-segment elevation

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18
Q
  1. A regularly irregular rhythm on ECG is typically seen in which condition?
A

Second-degree AV block (Mobitz type I)

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19
Q
  1. What does the QT interval represent?
A

Total time for ventricular depolarization and repolarization

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20
Q
  1. Which leads are used to assess for left ventricular hypertrophy?
A

Leads V1 and V5 or V6 (Sokolow-Lyon criteria)

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21
Q

What are the three standard limb leads in ECG?

A

“Lead I

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22
Q

Which leads are part of the augmented limb leads?

A

“aVR

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23
Q

What is the normal duration of a P wave?

A

“Less than 0.12 seconds”

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24
Q

What does the PR interval represent?

A

“Time taken for atrial depolarization and AV node delay”

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25
Which part of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization?
"QRS complex"
26
ST elevation in leads V1-V4 suggests?
"Anterior wall myocardial infarction (LAD occlusion)"
27
Which ECG lead is most aligned with the normal cardiac axis?
"Lead II"
28
ST elevation in leads II, III, aVF indicates?
"Inferior wall MI (Right Coronary Artery occlusion)"
29
Which arrhythmia is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm with no P waves?
"Atrial fibrillation"
30
A PR interval greater than 0.2 seconds suggests?
"First-degree AV block"
31
In which condition do you see sawtooth P waves on ECG?
"Atrial flutter"
32
Which electrolyte imbalance causes peaked T waves?
"Hyperkalemia"
33
Which electrolyte imbalance causes U waves?
"Hypokalemia"
34
What does a wide QRS complex indicate?
"Ventricular conduction delay (e.g.
35
Which myocardial infarction is associated with ST elevation in V7-V9?
"Posterior wall MI"
36
How do you differentiate supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) from ventricular tachycardia (VT) on ECG?
"SVT has narrow QRS
37
A delta wave is characteristic of which condition?
"Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome"
38
Which ECG change is seen in hypocalcemia?
"Prolonged QT interval"
39
Which ECG change is seen in hypercalcemia?
"Shortened QT interval"
40
USMLE Question: A 65-year-old man presents with severe chest pain. ECG shows ST elevation in leads V1-V4. What is the diagnosis?
"Anterior wall MI (LAD occlusion)"
41
PLAB Question: A 40-year-old man presents with palpitations. ECG shows a narrow complex tachycardia at 180 bpm. What is the most likely diagnosis?
"Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)"
42
NEET PG Question: A patient presents with syncope. ECG shows a prolonged QT interval. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely?
"Hypocalcemia"
43
NEET PG Question: A 55-year-old diabetic presents with chest pain. His ECG shows ST depression in leads V1-V4. What is the likely diagnosis?
"NSTEMI or posterior MI"
44
A 65-year-old man presents with severe chest pain. ECG shows ST elevation in leads V1-V4. What is the diagnosis?
"C"
45
A 40-year-old man presents with palpitations. ECG shows a narrow complex tachycardia at 180 bpm. What is the most likely diagnosis?
"C"
46
A patient has peaked T waves on ECG. Which electrolyte abnormality is most likely?
"A"
47
Which of the following is associated with a prolonged QT interval?
"C"
48
Which ECG finding is characteristic of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome?
"B"
49
A 55-year-old diabetic presents with chest pain. His ECG shows ST depression in leads V1-V4. What is the likely diagnosis?
"B"
50
Which leads represent the inferior wall of the heart?
III
51
A patient presents with syncope. ECG shows a prolonged QT interval. Which drug could be responsible?
"C"
52
Which of the following ECG changes is seen in hypercalcemia?
"A"
53
Which lead is most aligned with the normal cardiac axis?
"B"
54
A patient with atrial fibrillation is at risk of which complication?
"B"
55
Which electrolyte imbalance causes U waves on ECG?
"B"
56
In an ECG, what does the PR interval represent?
"C"
57
A delta wave on ECG is most commonly seen in?
"C"
58
ST elevation in leads II, III, aVF suggests?
"A"
59
Which of the following rhythms is characterized by a regularly irregular pattern?
"C"
60
A patient presents with a wide QRS complex tachycardia. What is the most likely cause?
"B"
61
A 70-year-old male presents with syncope. ECG shows sinus bradycardia with a prolonged PR interval. What is the likely diagnosis?
"A"
62
A young athlete collapses during a football game. ECG shows a delta wave. What is the underlying condition?
"B"
63
Which ECG change is a sign of hypothermia?
"A"
64
An ECG shows a sawtooth pattern of P waves. What is the most likely diagnosis?
"B"
65
Which ECG abnormality is most commonly seen in pulmonary embolism?
"A"
66
Which type of AV block has a progressive lengthening of PR interval before a dropped beat?
"B"
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