ECG changes

Question 1

What conditions are associated with peaked T waves on ECGs?

Answer 1

o hyperkalaemia

o myocardial ischaemia

Question 2

What conditions are associated with Inverted T waves on ECGs?

Answer 2

o	myocardial ischaemia
o	digoxin toxicity
o	subarachnoid haemorrhage
o	arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
o	pulmonary embolism ('S1Q3T3')
o	Bragada syndrome

Question 3

Hypercalcaemia ECG changes

Answer 3

>

'bones, stones, groans and psychic moans'
corneal calcification
shortened QT interval on ECG
hypertension

Question 4

Absence of P waves

Answer 4

atrial fibrillation

Hyperkelemia

Question 5

Increased P wave amplitude

Answer 5

cor pulmonale

Question 6

Broad, notched (bifid) P waves

Answer 6

A sign of left atrial enlargement, classically due to mitral stenosis

Question 7

Hyperkaelemia ECG changes

Answer 7

• Peaked or ‘tall-tented’ T waves (occurs first)
• Loss of P waves
• Broad QRS complexes
• Sinusoidal wave pattern
• Ventricular fibrillation

Question 8

Hypokaelemia ECG changes

Answer 8

>	U waves
>	small or absent T waves (occasionally inversion)
>	prolong PR interval
>	ST depression
>	long QT

Question 9

Hypothermia ECG changes

Answer 9

>	bradycardia
>	'J' wave - small hump at the end of the QRS complex
>	first degree heart block
>	long QT interval
>	atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

Question 10

J waves

Answer 10

Hypothermia

Question 11

U waves

Answer 11

Hypokaelemia

hypercalcemia sometime