ECG Changes

Question 1

What is Left Bundle Branch Block?

Answer 1

A cardiac conduction abnormality due to slow or absent conduction through the left bundle, resulting in the left ventricle taking longer than normal to fully depolarise.

Question 2

How is a Left Bundle Branch Block seen on an ECG? (4)

Answer 2

1. Wide QRS Complexes in the precordial leads (V1-V6).
2. QRS Complex entirely negative in Lead V1.
3. Predominantly Positive QRS Complex with a Slow Upstroke to the R Wave Peak in the Lateral leads.
4. W in V1 and M in V6 (WiLLiaM).

Question 3

How is a Posterior MI seen on an ECG (4)?

Answer 3

RECIPROCAL CHANGES in V1-V3 :

1. Horizontal ST Depression.
2. Tall Broad R Waves.
3. Upright T Waves.
4. Dominant R Wave in V2.

Question 4

What ECG abnormality is associated with Hypercalcaemia?

Answer 4

ERSOL: Shortening of QT Interval.

Question 5

What ECG abnormality is associated with Hypocalcaemia?

Answer 5

ERSOL : Long QT Interval.

Question 6

What ECG abnormality is associated with Hypothermia?

Answer 6

J Wave.

Question 7

What ECG abnormality is associated with Hyperkalaemia?

Answer 7

Tall Tented T Waves.

Question 8

What ECG abnormality is associated with Hypokalaemia?

Answer 8

U Waves.

Question 9

What ECG signs is Dextrocardia associated with? (3)

Answer 9

1. Inverted P Wave in lead I.
2. Right Axis Deviation.
3. Loss of R Wave Progression.

Question 10

Aetiology of J Waves on an ECG (3).

Answer 10

1. Hypothermia.
2. Hypercalcaemia.
3. Sub-Arachnoid Haemorrhage.