ECG changes

Question 1

Normal ECG variants in non-athletes? (4)

Answer 1

Sinus arrythmiaRight axis deviation (tall and thin)Left axis deviation (short and fat)Partial RBBB

Question 2

Normal ECG variants in athletes? (4)

Answer 2

Sinus bradycardia1st degree AV blockWenkebach phenomenon (2nd degree Mobitz 1)Junctional escape rhythm

Question 3

What causes the ECG changes in athletes?

Answer 3

High resting vagal tone

Question 4

Which ECG abnormality is never normal?

Answer 4

LBBB- usually underlying ischaemic or structural heart disease