Ecological Interactions Test

Question 1

Ecological Interaction

Answer 1

Interaction or relationship btwn 2 different species when their habitat or niche overlap within an ecosystem.

Question 2

Habitat

Answer 2

Location a species lives

Question 3

Niche (ecological)

Answer 3

Unique role a species has in ecosystem (habitat, environmental factor use, ecological Interactions)

Question 4

Predation

Answer 4

(+,-) 1 species (predator) feeds on another (prey)

Question 5

Apex preddator

Answer 5

top predator in ecosystem

Question 6

A predators three evolved steps

Answer 6

Detection, attack, capture/consume

Question 7

Prey adaptations

Answer 7

Detection, (camofalauge)
attack (avoid), (speed)
capture/consume (defense, chemical defenses)

Question 8

Predator adaptations

Answer 8

Physical (strength/size)
behavioral (hunting tactics-sit and wait)
chemical (venom and toxins)

Question 9

Boom bust cycle

Answer 9

Cyclical relationship btwn predator and prey over long period of time

Question 10

Symbiosis

Answer 10

Close long term interaction btwn two different species

Question 11

Obligate symbiosis

Answer 11

organism requires the relationship to survive

Question 12

faculative symbiosis

Answer 12

relationship gives an organism a better chance on survival, but its not needed

Question 13

Symmetrical symbiosis relationship

Answer 13

symbiotic relationships aren’t always symmetrical. could be obligate for one organism and faculative for the other.

Question 14

Parasitism

Answer 14

(+,-) when one species (parasite) lives on or in another (host) species and feeds on it.

Question 15

Ectoparasite

Answer 15

Lives on the outside of the host (aka tick)

Question 16

Endoparasite

Answer 16

Lives on the inside of the host (aka tapeworm)

Question 17

Intracellular parasite

Answer 17

Microorganisms that are capable of growing and reproducing inside the cells of the host (aka malaria)

Question 18

Mutualism

Answer 18

(+,+) When 2 species live in a way that both benefit from their interactions

Question 19

3 interactions under symbiosis

Answer 19

parasitism, mutualism, commensialism

Question 20

Commensalism

Answer 20

(+,0) long term relationship in which 1 species benefits and the other is nether harmed not benefits.

Question 21

Competition

Answer 21

(-,-) different individuals o populations attempt to use the same limited source
therefore each poplutaion ends up with less resources and is harmed.

Question 22

Limited source

Answer 22

not enough to go around therefore limiting growth of the poplutaion
therefore each poplutaion ends up with less resources and is harmed.

Question 23

Intraspecific competition

Answer 23

Competition within a population of same species (ex= lion, lion)
-only interaction btwn same species

Question 24

Interspecific competition

Answer 24

competitions btwn different species (lion and hyena)

Question 25

Competition exclusion principle

Answer 25

-2 species cant remain in same community if they occupy the same niche -the species less suited to compete will adapt or die out -leads to niche differentation

Question 26

How species adapt in competition exclusion principle

Answer 26

change niche or compete better

Question 27

Fundamental niche

Answer 27

max niche of a species -includes all resources a species can use -theoretical -absence of limiting factors (no competitions)

Question 28

Realized niche

Answer 28

portion of fundamental niche a species actually occupies results from competitors blocking access to some resources

Question 29

Resource partitioning

Answer 29

some species coexist in spite of competition for same resources by dividing resources to maximize success. therefore realized niches don't overlap

Question 30

ecosystem

Answer 30

place where living and non living things work together to create a balance when ecosystems change, species there have to adapt (can take several generations)

Question 31

native species

Answer 31

organism that occurs naturally. native species sometimes become extinct bc they can't adapt quickly enough to a change in the ecosystem.

Question 32

invasive species

Answer 32

-species brought into ecosystem that it doesn't naturallyy occur in -can be brought in by humans or accidentally -can cause big disruptions in ecosystem -disrupts food chains