CME > ect > Flashcards

ect Flashcards

(182 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Front

A

Back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

A

Mnemonic: ‘CONTROLLED SEIZURE FOR RELIEF.’ Anesthetized, electrically induced generalized seizure for rapid treatment of severe psychiatric illness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Key neurotransmitter/trophic effects of ECT?

A

Mnemonic: ‘SER-DA-NEURO-GROW.’ Increases monoamines, modulates HPA, boosts BDNF and neuroplasticity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Key network effect of ECT?

A

Mnemonic: ‘FRONTOLIMBIC RESET.’ Normalizes dysfunctional connectivity among PFC, hippocampus, and limbic regions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why mechanism remains uncertain?

A

Mnemonic: ‘PAIRING PROBLEM.’ Current ECT always combines current + seizure → hard to disentangle contributions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST)?

A

Mnemonic: ‘MAGNETIC, MORE FOCUSED.’ Uses magnetic fields to induce seizures with more focal cortical stimulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ECT vs MST for depression?

A

Mnemonic: ‘ECT WINS ON SPEED.’ Similar efficacy; ECT achieves remission in fewer sessions, MST less disorientation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Non-seizure neuromodulation trio?

A

Mnemonic: ‘tES-TMS-VNS.’ Neuromodulation without therapeutic seizure; less robust for life-threatening states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Goal of new ECT protocols (LAMP, iLAST, FEAST)?

A

Mnemonic: ‘TARGET MORE, HURT LESS.’ Sharpen dosing and reduce cognitive side effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Core indication theme?

A

Mnemonic: ‘WHEN ILLNESS IS EXTREME.’ Use in the most severe, resistant, or high-risk presentations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Guideline source anchors?

A

Mnemonic: ‘RANZCP & CANMAT.’ Modern evidence-based ECT recommendations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Key mood indications for ECT?

A

Mnemonic: ‘PM-TRIP.’ Psychotic, Melancholic, Treatment-resistant, catatonic, peripartum MDD/bipolar episodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Key psychotic indications?

A

Mnemonic: ‘TRS & POSTPARTUM.’ TR schizophrenia/schizoaffective, acute or postpartum psychosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Emergency indications?

A

Mnemonic: ‘3S: SUICIDE, STARVATION, STUPOR.’ High suicide risk, refusal to eat/drink, catatonia/NMS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is ECT first-line in MDD per CANMAT?

A

Mnemonic: ‘CRISIS OR CAN’T WAIT.’ Suicidality, psychosis, catatonia, rapid decline, prior good ECT, meds not feasible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ECT vs ketamine in TRD?

A

Mnemonic: ‘ECT STILL GOLD.’ Evidence supports at least equal, often superior, effectiveness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who should select patients for ECT?

A

Mnemonic: ‘ECT-TRAINED DOC.’ Or consult experienced ECT service.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Elderly and ECT?

A

Mnemonic: ‘AGE ≠ NO.’ Often excellent response; monitor cognition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adolescents and ECT?

A

Mnemonic: ‘RARE BUT RESCUE.’ For severe, refractory illness with proper oversight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pregnancy and ECT?

A

Mnemonic: ‘OFTEN SAFER.’ Reasonable for severe episodes; coordinate with OB.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Children and ECT?

A

Mnemonic: ‘SPECIAL SCRUTINY.’ Very rare; requires expert and legal review.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Absolute contraindications?

A

Mnemonic: ‘NONE ABSOLUTE.’ Only serious relative risks needing optimization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

High-risk brain/cardiac conditions?

A

Mnemonic: ‘BRAIN-BP-HEART.’ Masses, raised ICP, recent MI/ICH, unstable aneurysm, severe cardiac disease, pheochromocytoma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Autonomic pattern during ECT?

A

Mnemonic: ‘BRADY THEN BURST.’ Brief vagal brady/asystole then sympathetic tachy/HTN.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Why stroke risk exists?
Mnemonic: 'BP SWINGS.' Transient hypo/hypertension and ↑CBF stress vulnerable vessels.
26
ECT mortality ballpark?
Mnemonic: '≈2 PER 100K.' Very low, similar or lower than surgical anesthesia.
27
Three cognitive domains affected?
Mnemonic: 'CONFUSE, NEW, OLD.' Acute confusion, anterograde issues, retrograde gaps.
28
Time course for anterograde deficits?
Mnemonic: 'WEEKS, NOT YEARS.' Generally resolve within a few weeks post-course.
29
Long-term cognition trend?
Mnemonic: 'BETTER WHEN MOOD BETTER.' Many improve vs depressed baseline.
30
Retrograde amnesia counseling?
Mnemonic: 'MAY LINGER, OFTEN EASES.' Explain risk; usually improves over months.
31
Tools to track cognition?
Mnemonic: 'MOCA/ECCA.' Use structured brief cognitive tests.
32
Common non-cognitive side effects?
Mnemonic: 'HEAD, JAW, MUSCLE, NAUSEA.' Typically transient.
33
How prevent aspiration/oral injury?
Mnemonic: 'NPO + BITE BLOCK.'
34
Why ECT consent is scrutinized?
Mnemonic: 'PAST + PRESS.' Historic abuse and stigma.
35
Consent essentials?
Mnemonic: 'TREATMENT, OPTIONS, RISKS.' Clear explanation and Q&A.
36
If capacity lacking?
Mnemonic: 'LAWYERED LEVEL.' Follow jurisdictional rules; often court/third-party review.
37
Pre-ECT evaluation basics?
Mnemonic: 'H&P, NEURO, MEDS, ECG.' Optimize comorbidities.
38
Why NPO before ECT?
Mnemonic: 'EMPTY = SAFE.' Reduce aspiration risk.
39
Tourniqueted limb purpose?
Mnemonic: 'SEE THE SEIZURE.' Visual/EMG motor seizure while rest is paralyzed.
40
Standard electrode options?
Mnemonic: 'RUL, BF, BT.' Right unilateral, bifrontal, bitemporal.
41
RUL dosing rule-of-thumb?
Mnemonic: '5–6X THRESH.' For robust efficacy.
42
Brief vs ultrabrief pulse key point?
Mnemonic: 'BRIEF FIRST.' Ultrabrief may spare cognition but need more sessions; not always first choice.
43
Typical index course length?
Mnemonic: '6–15 FLEX.' Tailor to response; some need more.
44
Recommended max frequency?
Mnemonic: 'NO >3/WEEK.' High frequency ↑ cognitive risk.
45
If poor response to RUL?
Mnemonic: 'GO BILATERAL.' Switch placement or adjust dose.
46
Why serial rating scales?
Mnemonic: 'SCORES GUIDE.' Use HAM-D/MADRS to track effect.
47
Post-ECT relapse reality?
Mnemonic: 'HALF RETURN.' ~50% relapse within a year without strong maintenance.
48
Maintenance strategy?
Mnemonic: 'MIX & SPREAD.' Antidepressants plus spaced ECT sessions.
49
Maintenance ECT frequency?
Mnemonic: 'WEEKLY → MONTHLY.' Taper over time.
50
Why taper index course?
Mnemonic: 'SOFT EXIT.' May reduce relapse vs abrupt stop.
51
Post-ECT antidepressant tip?
Mnemonic: 'TRY UNTRIED.' Prefer agents not yet failed.
52
Antidepressants with ECT?
Mnemonic: 'USUALLY CONTINUE.' TCAs/SSRIs/MAOIs often safe with monitoring.
53
Antipsychotics with ECT?
Mnemonic: 'KEEP ON.' Helpful in psychotic/bipolar indications.
54
Lithium with ECT?
Mnemonic: 'LOW & SLOW.' Watch for delirium; adjust dose/interval.
55
Benzodiazepines with ECT?
Mnemonic: 'BENZO BLUNTS.' Taper/hold or reverse when feasible.
56
Antiepileptics in epilepsy?
Mnemonic: 'TEAM WITH NEURO.' Don’t abruptly stop; adjust if seizures too brief.
57
Integrative pearl #56 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
58
Integrative pearl #57 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
59
Integrative pearl #58 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
60
Integrative pearl #59 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
61
Integrative pearl #60 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
62
Integrative pearl #61 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
63
Integrative pearl #62 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
64
Integrative pearl #63 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
65
Integrative pearl #64 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
66
Integrative pearl #65 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
67
Integrative pearl #66 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
68
Integrative pearl #67 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
69
Integrative pearl #68 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
70
Integrative pearl #69 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
71
Integrative pearl #70 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
72
Integrative pearl #71 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
73
Integrative pearl #72 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
74
Integrative pearl #73 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
75
Integrative pearl #74 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
76
Integrative pearl #75 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
77
Integrative pearl #76 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
78
Integrative pearl #77 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
79
Integrative pearl #78 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
80
Integrative pearl #79 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
81
Integrative pearl #80 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
82
Integrative pearl #81 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
83
Integrative pearl #82 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
84
Integrative pearl #83 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
85
Integrative pearl #84 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
86
Integrative pearl #85 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
87
Integrative pearl #86 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
88
Integrative pearl #87 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
89
Integrative pearl #88 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
90
Integrative pearl #89 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
91
Integrative pearl #90 for ECT practice?
Mnemonic: 'EARLY WHEN INDICATED.' For life-threatening or refractory illness, choose ECT promptly, with meticulous safety and consent.
92
Front
Back
93
Briefly define modern ECT.
An anesthetized procedure using controlled electrical stimulation to induce a generalized seizure for therapeutic effect in severe psychiatric illness.
94
What biological changes are associated with ECT?
Widespread modulation of monoamines and stress hormones, increased BDNF and neuroplasticity, and altered connectivity in mood-related circuits.
95
Why can't we fully separate seizure vs electricity effects in ECT?
Current treatments always pair both, so each component’s independent contribution is unclear.
96
How does MST conceptually differ from ECT?
It induces seizures using magnetic fields to create more focal cortical stimulation, potentially reducing cognitive effects.
97
How does MST compare to ultrabrief RUL ECT in efficacy and speed?
Similar overall antidepressant effect; ECT tends to produce remission with fewer treatment sessions.
98
Which neuromodulation options do not intentionally cause seizures?
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS/tACS), repetitive TMS, and vagus nerve stimulation.
99
For what indication is VNS approved in depression?
As long-term adjunctive therapy for chronic treatment-resistant depression after multiple medication failures.
100
What is the overarching goal of newer ECT techniques like LAMP, iLAST, FEAST?
To improve the balance between efficacy and cognitive safety by refining stimulus delivery.
101
List key evidence-supported indications for ECT.
Severe MDD (especially psychotic, melancholic, catatonic, peripartum), bipolar episodes, TR schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, catatonia, acute/postpartum psychosis, and NMS.
102
When is ECT recommended as first-line for depression by CANMAT?
In severe episodes with suicidality, psychosis, catatonia, rapid deterioration, repeated nonresponse/intolerance, prior ECT benefit, or patient preference.
103
Why is ECT underused despite strong evidence?
Stigma, misconceptions, and clinician hesitation overshadow its efficacy and safety data.
104
When should clinicians not wait for multiple medication failures before ECT?
When rapid improvement is critical to safety or prognosis, such as imminent suicide risk or medical compromise.
105
Is ECT effective in treatment-resistant schizophrenia?
Yes; particularly as an augmenting strategy for acute exacerbations or catatonia.
106
How does age influence ECT use?
Older adults often respond well; cognitive monitoring is important but age alone is not a contraindication.
107
What is known about ECT use in adolescents?
It can be effective and reasonably safe when carefully indicated and monitored for severe, refractory illness.
108
How is ECT viewed in pregnancy?
A viable option for severe psychiatric illness; benefits often outweigh risks when coordinated with obstetric care.
109
Are there absolute contraindications to ECT?
No; only relative/high-risk conditions requiring individualized risk management.
110
Name major conditions requiring caution with ECT.
Raised intracranial pressure, recent MI/ICH, unstable aneurysm, severe cardiac disease, pheochromocytoma, very high anesthesia risk.
111
Describe the autonomic sequence during an ECT seizure.
Brief parasympathetic phase with possible bradycardia/asystole, followed by sympathetic surge causing tachycardia and hypertension.
112
How safe is ECT regarding mortality?
Very safe; mortality around 2 per 100,000 treatments, comparable to or below rates with general anesthesia for surgery.
113
What are common acute cognitive effects of ECT?
Post-ictal confusion, slowed thinking, short-term anterograde memory difficulties.
114
What is the typical course of anterograde memory impairment after ECT?
Improves over days to a few weeks after completion of the index course.
115
How might ECT improve overall cognitive function in some patients?
By relieving severe depression or psychosis that itself impaired attention, memory, and executive function.
116
What characterizes retrograde amnesia in ECT?
Difficulty recalling events from the period surrounding treatment; often improves, but can be subjectively distressing.
117
Why must retrograde memory risk be included in consent?
Because even if usually time-limited, it can affect personal life narratives and is important to patient autonomy.
118
Describe typical somatic adverse effects of ECT.
Headache, myalgia, jaw pain, nausea, and transient fatigue; serious complications are rare with modern practice.
119
How can aspiration risk be minimized?
By adequate NPO period and anesthesia precautions.
120
Why is ECT consent process more rigorous than many procedures?
Due to its history of misuse, strong public perceptions, and need to ensure voluntary, informed participation.
121
What should ECT consent cover?
Indications, procedure steps, benefits, alternatives (including no ECT), cognitive/medical risks, and questions/withdrawal rights.
122
How are cases with questionable decision-making capacity handled?
Via formal capacity assessments and adherence to state/legal requirements, often involving courts or ethics/legal counsel.
123
What baseline assessments are recommended before ECT?
Comprehensive psychiatric and medical evaluation, neurologic exam, medication review, and ECG; labs as indicated.
124
How long is typical fasting before ECT?
About 8 hours for solids; clear liquids per local anesthesia protocols.
125
Why is one limb spared from neuromuscular blockade?
To visually or via EMG confirm seizure activity while the rest of the body is paralyzed.
126
Which electrode placements are most commonly used?
Right unilateral, bifrontal, and bitemporal.
127
How many sessions generally make up an ECT index course?
Roughly 6–15 treatments, adjusted to symptom response and tolerability.
128
Recommended treatment frequency during index ECT?
Two to three times weekly; higher frequencies are avoided due to cognitive risk.
129
What is a common next step if adequate right unilateral ECT yields little improvement?
Increase dose or switch to bilateral (bifrontal/bitemporal) placement.
130
Why use standardized rating scales during ECT?
To objectively track clinical response and guide treatment duration and adjustments.
131
What proportion of patients relapse within 6–12 months after ECT without strong continuation treatment?
About half, indicating substantial relapse risk.
132
What are standard relapse-prevention strategies post-ECT?
Maintenance pharmacotherapy, maintenance ECT at extended intervals, or their combination.
133
How is maintenance ECT typically scheduled?
Initially more frequent (e.g., weekly), then gradually spaced (e.g., monthly), tailored to symptoms.
134
Why might tapering rather than abruptly stopping ECT be beneficial?
It may help maintain remission and smooth transition to maintenance phase.
135
What is the general guidance on antidepressant choice after ECT?
Select agents not previously failed; no single drug is mandated by guidelines.
136
How can concurrent antidepressants affect ECT?
They may enhance efficacy; monitoring is needed for additive side effects.
137
What is the issue with benzodiazepines during ECT?
They can raise seizure threshold and reduce seizure quality, potentially lowering effectiveness.
138
How should lithium be managed when ECT is used?
Use cautious dosing or temporary adjustments to reduce risk of delirium and cognitive toxicity.
139
Why are antipsychotics often continued during ECT?
They support treatment of psychosis/mood symptoms and are generally compatible with ECT.
140
What is the rationale for cognitive monitoring tools like MoCA or ECCA during ECT?
To detect emerging cognitive problems and inform modifications to treatment.
141
How should clinicians talk about ECT with skeptical patients/families?
Acknowledge concerns, present up-to-date evidence, clarify modern safety measures, and avoid coercive language.
142
What is a realistic global goal when offering ECT?
Rapid symptom reduction in severe illness with acceptable safety, integrated into a comprehensive long-term care plan.
143
Integrative reminder #51 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
144
Integrative reminder #52 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
145
Integrative reminder #53 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
146
Integrative reminder #54 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
147
Integrative reminder #55 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
148
Integrative reminder #56 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
149
Integrative reminder #57 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
150
Integrative reminder #58 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
151
Integrative reminder #59 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
152
Integrative reminder #60 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
153
Integrative reminder #61 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
154
Integrative reminder #62 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
155
Integrative reminder #63 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
156
Integrative reminder #64 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
157
Integrative reminder #65 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
158
Integrative reminder #66 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
159
Integrative reminder #67 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
160
Integrative reminder #68 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
161
Integrative reminder #69 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
162
Integrative reminder #70 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
163
Integrative reminder #71 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
164
Integrative reminder #72 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
165
Integrative reminder #73 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
166
Integrative reminder #74 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
167
Integrative reminder #75 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
168
Integrative reminder #76 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
169
Integrative reminder #77 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
170
Integrative reminder #78 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
171
Integrative reminder #79 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
172
Integrative reminder #80 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
173
Integrative reminder #81 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
174
Integrative reminder #82 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
175
Integrative reminder #83 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
176
Integrative reminder #84 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
177
Integrative reminder #85 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
178
Integrative reminder #86 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
179
Integrative reminder #87 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
180
Integrative reminder #88 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
181
Integrative reminder #89 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
182
Integrative reminder #90 for ECT care.
Offer ECT based on evidence and urgency, not stigma; individualize parameters and maintain vigilant follow-up.
CME
flashcards
Decks in class (19)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions