paul acem > ed presentations 2 > Flashcards

ed presentations 2 Flashcards

(150 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What are the entry/exit wounds and complications associated with Electrical Injury?

A
  • Arrhythmias (AF/VT)
  • Rhabdomyolysis (CK >5000)
  • Differentials: lightning (asymmetric burns)

These complications highlight the severe impact of electrical injuries on the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the management protocol for Electrical Injury?

A
  • ABCDE (ECG continuous)
  • Fluids for urine output 1-2 ml/kg/h
  • Fasciotomy if compartment >30 mmHg

This protocol ensures stabilization and monitoring of the patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the fluid requirements for Electrical Injury?

A
  • Fluids 2-4 ml/kg/h alkalinised (bicarb 100 mmol/L)
  • Cardiac monitor for 24h
  • Tetanus 250 U IM

These details are crucial for managing fluid balance and preventing complications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the presentation symptoms of Near-Drowning/Hypoxic Injury?

A
  • Apnoea
  • ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 <300)
  • Aspiration pneumonitis
  • Differentials: C-spine injury (diving)

Recognizing these symptoms is vital for timely intervention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the management approach for Near-Drowning/Hypoxic Injury?

A
  • ABCDE (intubate if GCS<8)
  • PEEP 5-10 cmH2O
  • Bronchoscopy if particulate
  • ICU

This approach focuses on airway management and respiratory support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the doses/details for Near-Drowning/Hypoxic Injury?

A
  • Vent: low tidal 6 ml/kg, plateau <30 cmH2O
  • Antibiotics if secondary infection (ceftriaxone 1 g IV)
  • Steroids not routine

These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the presentation symptoms of Blast Injury?

A
  • Tympanic rupture
  • Pneumothorax
  • Globe injury
  • Primary (barotrauma)
  • Secondary (fragments)
  • Differentials: penetrating trauma

Understanding these symptoms is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the management protocol for Blast Injury?

A
  • ABCDE (ENT/ophtho stat)
  • Chest X-ray
  • Hyperbaric if gas embolism

This protocol ensures immediate care for potential life-threatening conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the doses/details for Blast Injury?

A
  • Tetanus toxoid 0.5 ml IM
  • Antibiotics cefazolin 2 g IV
  • HBO 2.5 ATA x90min if cerebral embolism

These details are critical for preventing infection and managing complications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the presentation symptoms of Crush Syndrome?

A
  • Release after >4h entrapment
  • Hyperkalemia >6.5
  • Rhabdomyolysis CK>5000
  • Acute renal failure (Cr >300 umol/L)
  • Differentials: compartment (early pain)

Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the management approach for Crush Syndrome?

A
  • ABCDE (calcium for hyperK)
  • Alkalinise urine
  • Mannitol diuresis
  • Dialysis if K>6.5 or acidosis

This approach focuses on correcting metabolic derangements and preventing renal failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the doses/details for Crush Syndrome?

A
  • Calcium gluconate 10 ml 10% IV
  • Bicarb 1 mEq/kg + mannitol 1 g/kg IV pre-release
  • Fluids 1.5 L/h target UO>200 ml/h
  • Dialysis stat if anuric

These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the presentation symptoms of Radiation Exposure?

A
  • Acute syndrome (nausea, lymphopenia <1x10^9/L >24h)
  • Differentials: chemical burn

Recognizing these symptoms is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the management protocol for Radiation Exposure?

A
  • ABCDE (decon with water)
  • KI for thyroid block if iodine
  • Bloods/CBC stat; haematology

This protocol ensures immediate care for potential life-threatening conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the doses/details for Radiation Exposure?

A
  • Potassium iodide 130 mg PO stat (adults) x1-10 days if nuclear
  • Granulocyte CSFs filgrastim 5 mcg/kg SC daily if ANC<0.5

These details are critical for preventing complications from radiation exposure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the presentation symptoms of Acute Asthma Exacerbation?

A
  • Wheeze
  • RR >25
  • Peak flow <50% predicted
  • Silent chest in severe
  • Differentials: pneumonia (focal signs, fever)

Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the management approach for Acute Asthma Exacerbation?

A
  • ABCDE (O2 92-95%)
  • Nebulizers
  • Steroids stat
  • Magnesium if severe
  • NIV if hypercapnic
  • Intubate if pH<7.25

This approach focuses on airway management and respiratory support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the doses/details for Acute Asthma Exacerbation?

A
  • Salbutamol 5 mg neb q20min x3 then hourly
  • Ipratropium 0.5 mg neb q20min x3
  • Prednisone 40-60 mg PO or hydrocortisone 100 mg IV
  • Magnesium sulfate 2 g IV over 20min if life-threatening

These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the presentation symptoms of Acute Exacerbation of COPD?

A
  • Increased SOB
  • Purulent sputum
  • RR >25
  • ABG pH<7.35, PaCO2 >45 mmHg
  • Differentials: PE (normal sputum)

Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the management approach for Acute Exacerbation of COPD?

A
  • ABCDE (O2 target 88-92%)
  • Nebulizers
  • Steroids
  • Antibiotics if infected
  • NIV if pH 7.25-7.35
  • ICU if pH<7.25

This approach focuses on airway management and respiratory support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the doses/details for Acute Exacerbation of COPD?

A
  • Salbutamol 5 mg neb q30min
  • Ipratropium 0.5 mg neb q6h
  • Prednisone 40 mg PO x5 days
  • Amoxicillin-clavulanate 1 g PO BD if CURB-65 ≥2
  • NIV BiPAP IPAP 12-20, EPAP 5-8

These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the presentation symptoms of Meningitis?

A
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Neck stiffness
  • Photophobia
  • Kernig/Brudzinski positive
  • Differentials: SAH (no fever)

Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the management approach for Meningitis?

A
  • ABCDE
  • LP stat (if no contra)
  • CT if focal/red flags
  • Antibiotics/dexamethasone stat
  • ICU if septic

This approach focuses on immediate care and diagnostic procedures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the doses/details for Meningitis?

A
  • Ceftriaxone 2 g IV stat + vancomycin 15-20 mg/kg IV + dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg IV q6h x4 (adults)
  • Acyclovir 10 mg/kg IV q8h if HSV suspected
  • LP: opening pressure, Gram stain

These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Bacterial Pneumonia**?
* Fever * Productive cough * CURB-65 ≥2 * CXR lobar infiltrate * Differentials: aspiration (right lower lobe) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
26
What is the **management approach** for **Bacterial Pneumonia**?
* ABCDE (O2 if SpO2<92%) * Antibiotics stat * Fluids if septic * Admit if CURB ≥2 ## Footnote This approach focuses on immediate care and treatment.
27
What are the **doses/details** for **Bacterial Pneumonia**?
* Benzylpenicillin 1.2 g IV q6h or ceftriaxone 1 g IV daily * Azithromycin 500 mg IV daily if atypical * Fluids 20 ml/kg bolus if shock ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
28
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Acute Pancreatitis**?
* Epigastric pain radiating back * Nausea * Amylase >3x upper limit * Differentials: perforated peptic ulcer (free air CXR) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
29
What is the **management approach** for **Acute Pancreatitis**?
* ABCDE * NBM * IV fluids * Analgesia * US for gallstones * ICU if SIRS ## Footnote This approach focuses on supportive care and monitoring.
30
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Pancreatitis**?
* Hartmann's 5-10 ml/kg/h * Morphine 2-5 mg IV * Maropitant 1 mg/kg IV antiemetic * ERCP if cholangitis ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
31
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Acute Appendicitis**?
* RLQ pain * Migration from epigastrium * Alvarado score ≥7 * Differentials: ectopic (betaHCG positive) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
32
What is the **management approach** for **Acute Appendicitis**?
* ABCDE * Surgical consult * Antibiotics if perforated * CT/US * Admit ## Footnote This approach focuses on surgical intervention and monitoring.
33
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Appendicitis**?
* Cefoxitin 2 g IV stat * Analgesia paracetamol 1 g IV * NBM * IV fluids 20 ml/kg ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
34
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Diverticulitis**?
* LLQ pain * Fever * Hinchey stage 1-2 * Differentials: IBD (bloody diarrhoea) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
35
What is the **management approach** for **Diverticulitis**?
* ABCDE * Antibiotics * NBM * CT abdomen * Surgical if perforation ## Footnote This approach focuses on medical management and monitoring.
36
What are the **doses/details** for **Diverticulitis**?
* Metronidazole 500 mg IV q8h + ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q12h * Fluids 1 L bolus * Opiates for pain ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
37
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Cholecystitis**?
* RUQ pain * Murphy's sign * US stones/wall >4mm * Differentials: hepatitis (jaundice) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
38
What is the **management approach** for **Cholecystitis**?
* ABCDE * Antibiotics * NBM * Cholecystostomy if high-risk * Surgical ## Footnote This approach focuses on surgical intervention and monitoring.
39
What are the **doses/details** for **Cholecystitis**?
* Ceftriaxone 1 g IV + metronidazole 500 mg IV * Paracetamol 1 g IV * Fluids maintenance ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
40
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Acute Cholangitis**?
* Charcot triad (fever, jaundice, RUQ pain) * Reynolds pentad (shock, AMS) * Tokyo guidelines grade II-III ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
41
What is the **management approach** for **Acute Cholangitis**?
* ABCDE * Antibiotics stat * ERCP <24h * Fluids * ICU if grade III ## Footnote This approach focuses on immediate care and treatment.
42
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Cholangitis**?
* Piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5 g IV q6h * Fluids 20 ml/kg * Sphincterotomy ERCP ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
43
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Bowel Obstruction**?
* Colicky pain * Vomiting * Distended abdomen * No flatus * Differentials: ileus (post-op, no pain) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
44
What is the **management approach** for **Bowel Obstruction**?
* ABCDE * NG tube * Fluids * CT abdomen * Surgical if strangulated ## Footnote This approach focuses on immediate care and treatment.
45
What are the **doses/details** for **Bowel Obstruction**?
* Hartmann's 1 L bolus * Morphine 2 mg IV PRN * NG to suction ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
46
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Ischaemic Bowel**?
* Severe pain out of proportion * Lactate >2 * Bloody diarrhoea * Differentials: IBD (chronic) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
47
What is the **management approach** for **Ischaemic Bowel**?
* ABCDE * CT angio * Surgical exploration stat * Fluids * ICU ## Footnote This approach focuses on immediate care and treatment.
48
What are the **doses/details** for **Ischaemic Bowel**?
* IV fluids 30 ml/kg * Heparin if embolic * Broad antibiotics if perforation ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
49
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Acute Kidney Injury**?
* Oliguria <0.5 ml/kg/h * Cr rise >26 umol/L/24h * Urea >20 * Differentials: pre-renal (dehydration, BUN/Cr >20) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
50
What is the **management approach** for **Acute Kidney Injury**?
* ABCDE * Fluids if pre-renal * Dialysis if K>6.5 or acidosis * Nephrology consult ## Footnote This approach focuses on correcting metabolic derangements and preventing renal failure.
51
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Kidney Injury**?
* Saline 500 ml bolus if hypovolemic * Furosemide 40 mg IV if volume overload * Bicarb if pH<7.2 ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
52
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Rhabdomyolysis**?
* Muscle pain * CK >1000 U/L * Dark urine * Hyperkalemia * Differentials: crush (Hx entrapment) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
53
What is the **management approach** for **Rhabdomyolysis**?
* ABCDE * Aggressive fluids * Alkalinise urine * Dialysis if ARF ## Footnote This approach focuses on correcting metabolic derangements and preventing renal failure.
54
What are the **doses/details** for **Rhabdomyolysis**?
* Saline 200-300 ml/h target UO >200 ml/h * Bicarb 100 mmol + mannitol 20 g IV * Monitor CK q6h ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
55
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Acute Glomerulonephritis**?
* Oliguria * Haematuria * Hypertension * Oedema * Differentials: UTI (dysuria) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
56
What is the **management approach** for **Acute Glomerulonephritis**?
* ABCDE * Fluids restrict * BP control * Dialysis if pulmonary oedema * Renal biopsy ## Footnote This approach focuses on supportive care and monitoring.
57
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Glomerulonephritis**?
* Nifedipine 10 mg PO for hypertension * Furosemide 40 mg IV if overload * Steroids if RPGN ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
58
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Acute Urinary Retention**?
* Suprapubic pain * No urine >6h * Bladder >500 ml on US * Differentials: cauda equina (saddle anaesthesia) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
59
What is the **management approach** for **Acute Urinary Retention**?
* ABCDE * Catheterise stat * Alpha-blocker * Urology if post-op ## Footnote This approach focuses on relieving urinary obstruction.
60
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Urinary Retention**?
* Tamsulosin 400 mcg PO OD * Lignocaine gel for catheter * Trial without catheter after 3 days ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
61
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Testicular Torsion**?
* Acute scrotal pain * Absent cremasteric reflex * High-riding testicle * <12h onset * Differentials: epididymitis (fever, dysuria) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
62
What is the **management approach** for **Testicular Torsion**?
* ABCDE * US Doppler stat * Surgical exploration <6h * Manual detorse if delay ## Footnote This approach focuses on immediate surgical intervention.
63
What are the **doses/details** for **Testicular Torsion**?
* Morphine 5 mg IV * Antiemetic ondansetron 4 mg IV * Orchidopexy if confirmed ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
64
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Ovarian Torsion**?
* Acute lower abdominal pain * Adnexal mass on US * No flow Doppler * Differentials: ectopic (betaHCG) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
65
What is the **management approach** for **Ovarian Torsion**?
* ABCDE * Gynae consult * US stat * Laparoscopy <6h ## Footnote This approach focuses on immediate surgical intervention.
66
What are the **doses/details** for **Ovarian Torsion**?
* Opiates for pain * Fluids 1 L * Antibiotics if infarcted ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
67
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Ectopic Pregnancy**?
* Amenorrhoea * Pain * Bleeding * BetaHCG >1500 * Adnexal mass * Differentials: miscarriage (complete, no mass) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
68
What is the **management approach** for **Ectopic Pregnancy**?
* ABCDE * US transvaginal * RhoGAM if Rh- * Surgical if unstable * MTX if stable ## Footnote This approach focuses on immediate care and treatment.
69
What are the **doses/details** for **Ectopic Pregnancy**?
* MTX 50 mg/m2 IM single dose if <3.5cm unruptured * RhoGAM 300 mcg IM <12wks ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
70
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Placenta Praevia**?
* Painless vaginal bleeding >20wks * US low placenta * Differentials: abruption (painful, tense uterus) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
71
What is the **management approach** for **Placenta Praevia**?
* ABCDE (2 IV, cross-match) * Tocolysis if <34wks * C-section if >500 ml loss ## Footnote This approach focuses on immediate care and treatment.
72
What are the **doses/details** for **Placenta Praevia**?
* Betamethasone 12 mg IM q24h x2 for lung maturity * Tocolysis nifedipine 10 mg PO q15min x3 ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
73
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Abruption**?
* Painful bleeding * Hypertonus * Fetal distress * Differentials: labour (regular contractions) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
74
What is the **management approach** for **Abruption**?
* ABCDE * Tocolysis if preterm * C-section if unstable * Monitor coagulation ## Footnote This approach focuses on immediate care and treatment.
75
What are the **doses/details** for **Abruption**?
* MgSO4 4 g IV load for neuroprotection <32wks * Fluids 1 L bolus ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
76
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Acute Glaucoma**?
* Pain * Blurred vision * Halos * IOP >30 mmHg * Differentials: conjunctivitis (no IOP rise) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
77
What is the **management approach** for **Acute Glaucoma**?
* ABCDE * Ophthalmology stat * Lower IOP meds * Acetazolamide ## Footnote This approach focuses on immediate care and treatment.
78
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Glaucoma**?
* Timolol 0.5% drops stat * Pilocarpine 2% drops q15min x3 * Acetazolamide 500 mg IV ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
79
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Retinal Detachment**?
* Floaters * Curtain vision loss * No pain * Differentials: vitreous haemorrhage (trauma Hx) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
80
What is the **management approach** for **Retinal Detachment**?
* ABCDE * Ophthalmology urgent * Position head down if rhegmatogenous * Surgery within 24h ## Footnote This approach focuses on immediate care and treatment.
81
What are the **doses/details** for **Retinal Detachment**?
* No specific meds * Analgesia paracetamol 1 g IV * Avoid anti-emetics if nausea ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
82
What are the **presentation symptoms** of **Acute Retinal Artery Occlusion**?
* Sudden unilateral blindness * Cherry red spot fundus * Differentials: vein occlusion (less acute) ## Footnote Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
83
What is the **management approach** for **Acute Retinal Artery Occlusion**?
* ABCDE * Ophthalmology stat * Ocular massage * Anterior chamber paracentesis ## Footnote This approach focuses on immediate care and treatment.
84
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Retinal Artery Occlusion**?
* Timolol drops * Acetazolamide IV ## Footnote These details guide the pharmacological management of the patient.
85
What is the **presentation** for **Acute Retinal Artery Occlusion**?
* Sudden unilateral blindness * Cherry red spot fundus * Differentials: vein occlusion (less acute) ## Footnote This condition requires immediate medical attention.
86
What is the **management** for **Acute Retinal Artery Occlusion**?
* ABCDE * Ophthalmology stat * Ocular massage * Anterior chamber paracentesis ## Footnote Prompt intervention is crucial to preserve vision.
87
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Retinal Artery Occlusion**?
* Timolol drops * Hyperbaric O2 if available * Thrombolysis controversial <4.5h ## Footnote Treatment options may vary based on the time elapsed since occlusion.
88
What is the **presentation** for **Febrile Convulsion**?
* <5yo * Fever >38°C * Generalised seizure <15min * Differentials: meningitis (prolonged, focal) ## Footnote Febrile convulsions are common in young children.
89
What is the **management** for **Febrile Convulsion**?
* ABCDE * Antipyretics * LP if <18m or prolonged * Admit if recurrent ## Footnote Monitoring and supportive care are essential.
90
What are the **doses/details** for **Febrile Convulsion**?
* Paracetamol 15 mg/kg PO * Ibuprofen 10 mg/kg PO * Diazepam 0.5 mg/kg PR if >5min ## Footnote Medication should be administered based on the child's condition.
91
What is the **presentation** for **Intussusception**?
* Intermittent pain * Currant jelly stool * Sausage mass RLQ * US target sign * Differentials: gastroenteritis (diarrhoea) ## Footnote Early recognition is key to effective treatment.
92
What is the **management** for **Intussusception**?
* ABCDE * Air enema reduction * Surgical if failed * NBM ## Footnote Non-surgical reduction is preferred if possible.
93
What are the **doses/details** for **Intussusception**?
* Analgesia morphine 0.05 mg/kg IV * Fluids 20 ml/kg bolus * Antibiotics if perforation ## Footnote Fluid resuscitation is critical in managing this condition.
94
What is the **presentation** for **Croup**?
* Barking cough * Stridor * Westley score >2 * Differentials: epiglottitis (drooling, toxic) ## Footnote Croup is often viral in origin and common in children.
95
What is the **management** for **Croup**?
* ABCDE * Dexamethasone stat * Nebulised adrenaline if moderate * ENT if severe ## Footnote Severity dictates the urgency and type of treatment.
96
What are the **doses/details** for **Croup**?
* Dex 0.6 mg/kg PO/IM stat * Adrenaline 0.5 ml 1:1000 neb q20min x2 ## Footnote Dexamethasone is the first-line treatment for croup.
97
What is the **presentation** for **Acute Otitis Media**?
* Ear pain * Fever * Bulging TM * Differentials: AOM with effusion (no pain) ## Footnote This condition is common in young children and often follows a respiratory infection.
98
What is the **management** for **Acute Otitis Media**?
* ABCDE * Analgesia * Abx if <2yo or severe * Myringotomy if complications ## Footnote Antibiotics are indicated in specific cases.
99
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Otitis Media**?
* Paracetamol 15 mg/kg PO * Amox 80 mg/kg/day PO divided TDS ## Footnote Pain management is also an important aspect of treatment.
100
What is the **presentation** for **Foreign Body Aspiration**?
* Sudden cough * Wheeze * Unilateral BS decrease * Differentials: asthma (bilateral) ## Footnote Quick identification can prevent serious complications.
101
What is the **management** for **Foreign Body Aspiration**?
* ABCDE * Bronchoscopy stat * Heimlich if witnessed ## Footnote Immediate action is crucial in this emergency.
102
What are the **doses/details** for **Foreign Body Aspiration**?
* No meds * O2 if hypoxic * Antibiotics if secondary infection ## Footnote Focus is on removal of the foreign body.
103
What is the **presentation** for **Acute Epiglottitis**?
* Drooling * Stridor * Fever * Tripod position * Differentials: croup (no drooling) ## Footnote This condition is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention.
104
What is the **management** for **Acute Epiglottitis**?
* ABCDE (no exam, keep calm) * ENT/anaes stat * Intubation in OR ## Footnote Maintaining airway is the priority in management.
105
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Epiglottitis**?
* Ceftriaxone 50 mg/kg IV * Steroids dex 0.15 mg/kg IV * Racemic epi neb if mild ## Footnote Antibiotics and steroids are critical in treatment.
106
What is the **presentation** for **Sickle Cell Crisis**?
* Vaso-occlusive pain * Fever * Hb < baseline * Differentials: osteomyelitis (focal) ## Footnote Pain management is essential in this condition.
107
What is the **management** for **Sickle Cell Crisis**?
* ABCDE * O2 * Hydration * Analgesia * Abx if fever * Exchange transfusion if stroke ## Footnote Comprehensive care is necessary to manage complications.
108
What are the **doses/details** for **Sickle Cell Crisis**?
* Morphine PCA * Fluids 1.5x maint * Ceftriaxone 50 mg/kg IV * Hydroxyurea long-term ## Footnote Long-term management may include hydroxyurea to reduce crisis frequency.
109
What is the **presentation** for **Acute Chest Syndrome in Sickle Cell**?
* SOB * Chest pain * New infiltrate CXR * Fever * Differentials: pneumonia (no Hx) ## Footnote This is a serious complication requiring prompt treatment.
110
What is the **management** for **Acute Chest Syndrome in Sickle Cell**?
* ABCDE * O2 * Transfusion * Abx * Incentive spirometry * ICU if ARDS ## Footnote Close monitoring and supportive care are critical.
111
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Chest Syndrome in Sickle Cell**?
* Simple transfusion to Hb 100 g/L * Ceftriaxone + azithro * Furosemide if overload ## Footnote Management may vary based on the patient's condition.
112
What is the **presentation** for **Kawasaki Disease**?
* Fever >5 days * Rash * Conjunctivitis * Strawberry tongue * Differentials: scarlet fever (pharyngitis) ## Footnote Early diagnosis is important to prevent complications.
113
What is the **management** for **Kawasaki Disease**?
* ABCDE * Echo for coronary aneurysms * IVIG stat * Cardio consult ## Footnote IVIG is the mainstay of treatment.
114
What are the **doses/details** for **Kawasaki Disease**?
* IVIG 2 g/kg over 10-12h * Aspirin 80-100 mg/kg/day divided QID acute, then low-dose ## Footnote Aspirin is used for its anti-inflammatory properties.
115
What is the **presentation** for **Diabetic Hypoglycaemia**?
* Sweating * Confusion * Glucose <4 mmol/L * Differentials: stroke (focal) ## Footnote Quick recognition and treatment are essential.
116
What is the **management** for **Diabetic Hypoglycaemia**?
* ABCDE * Glucose stat * Glucagon if no IV * Monitor q15min * Endo if recurrent ## Footnote Continuous monitoring is important to prevent recurrence.
117
What are the **doses/details** for **Diabetic Hypoglycaemia**?
* 50% dextrose 50 ml IV stat * Glucagon 1 mg IM if unconscious * Octreotide 50 mcg SC if sulfonylurea ## Footnote Treatment should be tailored to the patient's needs.
118
What is the **presentation** for **Adrenal Crisis**?
* Hypotension * Vomiting * Hyponatraemia * Hyperkalaemia * Differentials: sepsis (pigmentation clue) ## Footnote This condition can be life-threatening and requires immediate treatment.
119
What is the **management** for **Adrenal Crisis**?
* ABCDE * Hydrocortisone stat * Fluids * Electrolytes * Endo ## Footnote Prompt administration of hydrocortisone is critical.
120
What are the **doses/details** for **Adrenal Crisis**?
* Hydrocortisone 100 mg IV stat q6h * Saline 2 L bolus * Fludrocortisone 0.1 mg PO once stable ## Footnote Monitoring electrolytes is important in management.
121
What is the **presentation** for **Acute Porphyria**?
* Abdominal pain * Neuropsych symptoms * Hyponatraemia * Differentials: appendicitis (no peritonism) ## Footnote Early diagnosis can prevent complications.
122
What is the **management** for **Acute Porphyria**?
* ABCDE * NBM * Hemin stat * Glucose infusion * Psych if chronic ## Footnote Avoiding triggers is crucial in management.
123
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Porphyria**?
* Glucose 10% 500 ml bolus then infusion * Hemin 3 mg/kg IV over 30min q24h ## Footnote Hemin is used to manage acute attacks.
124
What is the **presentation** for **Acute Intermittent Porphyria**?
* Recurrent abdominal pain * Confusion * Tachycardia * Differentials: IBS (no systemic) ## Footnote Genetic counseling may be beneficial for affected individuals.
125
What is the **management** for **Acute Intermittent Porphyria**?
* ABCDE * Supportive * Hemin if confirmed * Genetic counselling ## Footnote Supportive care is essential in managing symptoms.
126
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Intermittent Porphyria**?
* As above * Beta-blockers for tachy if needed ## Footnote Management should be individualized based on symptoms.
127
What is the **presentation** for **Acute Gout**?
* Hot swollen joint * Tophi * Uric acid >0.6 mmol/L * Differentials: septic arthritis (fever) ## Footnote Gout is characterized by sudden onset of joint pain.
128
What is the **management** for **Acute Gout**?
* ABCDE * Aspirate * NSAIDs * Colchicine * Rheum if recurrent ## Footnote Early treatment can alleviate symptoms.
129
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Gout**?
* Colchicine 1.2 mg PO stat then 0.6 mg 1h later * Indomethacin 50 mg PO TDS * Allopurinol after attack ## Footnote Allopurinol is used for long-term management.
130
What is the **presentation** for **Septic Arthritis**?
* Hot joint * Fever * WBC >50k synovial * Differentials: gout (crystals) ## Footnote Septic arthritis requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
131
What is the **management** for **Septic Arthritis**?
* ABCDE * Aspirate stat * Abx * Ortho washout <24h ## Footnote Timely intervention is critical to prevent joint damage.
132
What are the **doses/details** for **Septic Arthritis**?
* Fluclox 2 g IV q6h * Vancomycin if MRSA risk * Ceftriaxone if gonococcal ## Footnote Antibiotic choice should be guided by local resistance patterns.
133
What is the **presentation** for **Osteomyelitis**?
* Bone pain * Fever * X-ray changes >10 days * Differentials: cellulitis (no bone tender) ## Footnote Early imaging can assist in diagnosis.
134
What is the **management** for **Osteomyelitis**?
* ABCDE * MRI * Abx IV 4-6 weeks * Ortho debride if abscess ## Footnote Surgical intervention may be necessary in complicated cases.
135
What are the **doses/details** for **Osteomyelitis**?
* Fluclox 2 g IV q6h * Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q12h if MRSA ## Footnote Duration of antibiotic therapy is typically prolonged.
136
What is the **presentation** for **Acute Osteoporotic Fracture**?
* Pain on movement * Elderly * DEXA T< -2.5 * Differentials: pathologic (cancer Hx) ## Footnote Osteoporotic fractures are common in older adults.
137
What is the **management** for **Acute Osteoporotic Fracture**?
* ABCDE * Immobilise * Analgesia * Ortho * Bisphosphonate long-term ## Footnote Long-term management focuses on preventing future fractures.
138
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Osteoporotic Fracture**?
* Paracetamol 1 g IV * Opiates PRN * Calcium 1.2 g + vit D 800 U PO daily ## Footnote Calcium and vitamin D supplementation is important for bone health.
139
What is the **presentation** for **Acute Compartment Syndrome**?
* Pain on passive stretch * Paraesthesia * Delta P <30 mmHg * Differentials: DVT (swelling no pain) ## Footnote Early recognition is crucial to prevent permanent damage.
140
What is the **management** for **Acute Compartment Syndrome**?
* ABCDE * Measure pressures * Fasciotomy stat <6h * Ortho ## Footnote Timely surgical intervention is often necessary.
141
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Compartment Syndrome**?
* Elevate limb * Analgesia morphine * Antibiotics if open ## Footnote Pain management is essential in this condition.
142
What is the **presentation** for **Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture**?
* Pop * Calf pain * Positive Thompson test * Differentials: gastroc tear (no gap) ## Footnote This injury often occurs during sports activities.
143
What is the **management** for **Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture**?
* ABCDE * Immobilise equinus * Ortho repair <2 weeks ## Footnote Early intervention can improve outcomes.
144
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture**?
* Analgesia paracetamol * Non-weight bear ## Footnote Rest and immobilization are key components of recovery.
145
What is the **presentation** for **Acute Gouty Arthritis**?
* Monoarticular * Podagra * Crystals negative birefringent * Differentials: pseudogout (positive) ## Footnote Gouty arthritis typically presents with sudden joint pain.
146
What is the **management** for **Acute Gouty Arthritis**?
* ABCDE * NSAIDs * Ice * Colchicine * Rheum ## Footnote Management focuses on pain relief and inflammation reduction.
147
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Gouty Arthritis**?
* As gout above ## Footnote Treatment regimens are similar for acute gout and gouty arthritis.
148
What is the **presentation** for **Acute Pseudogout**?
* Knee/wrist * CPPD crystals positive birefringent * Differentials: OA flare (no crystals) ## Footnote Pseudogout can mimic gout but is caused by different crystals.
149
What is the **management** for **Acute Pseudogout**?
* ABCDE * Aspirate * NSAIDs * Steroids if severe ## Footnote Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and inflammation.
150
What are the **doses/details** for **Acute Pseudogout**?
* Pred 30 mg PO x5 days * Indomethacin 50 mg TDS ## Footnote Corticosteroids can be effective in managing severe cases.
paul acem
flashcards
Decks in class (16)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions