Lenin: How did Lenin expand compulsory education?
- Abolished fees for primary schools
- Unified schools, made education compulsory for all children ages 8 to 17
- Abolished fees for primary schools
- By 1928, 60% of Soviet children of primary school ages were in schools.
Lenin: How did he reduce illiteracy?
- Introduced education for soldier. 100% of soldiers in the Red Army could read and write by 1925.
- Set up reading groups in factories to educate workers
- Published 6.5 million textbooks, rise in the number of people able to identify letters.
Lenin: What problems did he face?
- Civil War meant there was a lack of resources so unable to invest in education.
- Learning was not a priority.
- Teachers did not support the regime
- School funding was cute
Lenin: How did he improve education for women?
- Women no longer needed permission to take a job or do further studies
- Reading rooms for women
Stalin: How did Stalin use education for his own policies?
- Needed disciplined and literate workers
- Teachers targeted and attacked as they were associated with the government and therefore considered an enemy.
Stalin: How did he eliminate illiteracy?
- Relaunched the campaign against illiteracy
- 90% of Soviet adults attended a literacy course. By the end of the Five Year Plan around 68% of people were literate.
Stalin: What was discipline like under Stalin?
- Teaching methods:
Copying Stakhanov - Code of conduct:
Teachers and students alike had to follow a strict set of rules - Gender segregation
Introduced segregation in secondary schools.
Khrushchev: How did Khrushchev change what was taught in schools?
- Reintroduced polytechnic education with a focus of math and science.
- Wanted workers with more sophisticated skills for light industry.
Khrushchev: How did he change the use of discipline?
Removed rules relating to sitting and standing postures in schools.
Khrushchev: How did he improve education for women?
- Education was made widely available in cities for women.
- By 1960s, women made up half of the graduates.
Brezhnev: How did Brezhnev reverse many of Khrushchev’s policies?
- Ended vocational training for students ages 16-19 in farms and factories
- Ended the 11 year schooling policy in favour of a gradual shift from 8 year schooling to 10 year schooling.
- Abandoned compulsory secondary education.
Brezhnev: Were universities successful in the Soviet Union?
- New courses were introduced
New buildings were made to accommodate non-Russian ethnic backgrounds.
Brezhnev: What were students numbers like?
Higher education grew from 1.5 million to over 5 million.
Brezhnev: What were the courses like?
Introduced new courses electronics, radio, construction, agricultural chemistry and machine-building were introduced.
Brezhnev: What were staff numbers like?
Academic staff increased from 87,000 to 380,000 between 1958-80.
Brezhnev: How diverse was education?
Brezhnev founded 18 universities in non-Russian Soviet republics
