A 27yo with suspected corneal abrasion should be treated with which of the following medications? - Topical NSAIDS - Topical antibiotics - Oral antibiotics - Topical anesthetic drops

Topical antibiotics to prevent infection to the affected eye

EENT (5%) Flashcards by Ken Obi

Which of the following lifestyle modifications is recommended for Meniere disease?

a) Cessation of nicotine-containing products
b) Salt restrictions
c) Caffeine restrictions
d) Alcohol restrictions
e) All of the above

All of the above

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Which of the following treatment regimen is most appropriate for labyrinthitis?

– Intratympanic gentamycin
– HCTZ and triamterene
– Oral prednisone
– Azithromycin

Oral prednisone

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What is the appropriate daily maintenance therapy for Meniere disease?

HCTZ and triamterene

(Daily maintenance with diuretics may reduce the frequency of attacks of Meniere disease)

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Labyrinthitis patients are at increased risk of developing ________ following an infection.

Panic disorder and BPPV

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What is the classic triad of Meniere disease?

Tinnitus
Hearing loss
Vertigo (episodic)

** All the above are also seen in Labyrinthitis b/c the inflammation is located throughout the entire vestibular canal.

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What is a spontaneous postinfectious inflammation affecting only the vestibular nerve?

Vestibular neuritis

** In vestibular neuritis, the inflammation affects only the vestibular nerve, so the symptom is only vertigo

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What is the diagnostic study of choice in a patient with > 3 months of unilateral symptoms or a middle ear effusion who has not improved after 12 weeks of intranasal corticosteroids and systemic antihistamines?

CT with contrast of head and neck

Due to suspicion of neoplasm that may be obstructing the eustachian tube

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What is a common presentation seen in patients with patulous (open) eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD)?

Unusually loud hearing of person’s own voice

patients hear themselves talk loudly through the open ET aka autophony

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What is the differentiating factor between labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis?

The presence or absence of hearing loss and tinnitus

Vestibular neuritis only has vertigo
Labyrinthitis and Meniere has all 3
(hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo)

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An acoustic neuroma arises from what anatomic structure?

Myelin covering the vestibular portion of cranial nerve VIII.

Acoustic neuromas arise from schwann cells that are part of the myelin covering the vestibular portion of the eight cranial nerve
Acoustic neuromas = vestibular schwannomas

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Only 5% of patients present with BILATERAL acoustic neuromas. Almost all of these patients tend to have this systemic condition

Neurofibromatosis type 2

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What are the risk factors for recurrent AOM (acute otitis media)

Breastfeeding
Attending daycare
Cigarette smoking exposure
Male gender

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What is the topical otic medication of choice for the treatment of otitis externa and tympanic membrane (TM) perforation?

Ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone
(Ofloxacin)

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What is the leading pathogen responsible for causing Acute Otitis Media?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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What is the imaging of choice for diagnosis of cholesteatoma?

CT
(High resolution CT)

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What is a known risk factor for the development of acoustic neuroma?

Leisure noise exposure

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Which of the following is NOT a clinical finding in acute otitis externa?

a) Pain with tragus or auricle movement
b) Discharge from affected ear
c) Fever
d) Decreased hearing

Fever

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40yo F presents w/ fasting glucose >126mg/dL, no visual or medical complaints. Visual acuity is 20/20 OU.
When should this patient be referred to ophthalmologist?

Immediately at the time of this visit.

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Posterior blepharitis is an inflammatory process that involves which structure?

Inner lid at the level of the meibomian glands

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Fundoscopy will identify ____ in the early states of hypertensive retinopathy?

Arteriolar constriction

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What is the first-line treatment for mild cases of dacryocystitis?

Clindamycin

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A 27yo with suspected corneal abrasion should be treated with which of the following medications?

Topical NSAIDS
Topical antibiotics
Oral antibiotics
Topical anesthetic drops

Topical antibiotics

to prevent infection to the affected eye

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Children who develop nasal polyps should be tested for?

Cystic fibrosis

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Which medication has been known to induce rhinitis?

Antihistamines
Antipsychotics
Opioids
Oral contraceptive pills

Oral contraceptive pills

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Allergic rhinitis is which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Type I hypersensitivity reaction

What is the most common presentation or symptom in patients with nasal polyps?

Nasal obstruction

What is the first-line medication indicated in patients with allergic rhinitis?

Nasal steroid

What is the imaging study of choice for nasal polyps?

Nonenhanced coronal CT scan

Viral rhinitis typically resolves within what time frame?

10 days

Which of these symptoms is most concerning for head and neck cancer? - Nausea - Decreased sense of smell - Unexplained otalgia - Dental caries

Unexplained otalgia

Which test is indicated if you suspect rhinitis containing CSF?

Beta-2 Transferrin

36yo F presents with 12 days of sinus pressure, nasal congestion, purulent nasal drainage, and halitosis. What organism is the most likely cause of her infection?

H. influenzae

What is the diagnostic imaging of choice for a patient with extensive nasal and facial trauma?

CT scan

Which of the following is responsible for head and neck cancers increasingly occurring in nonsmoking, nondrinking young adults? - Gonorrhea - Chlamydia - HPV - Herpes simplex virus

HPV

If an anterior bleeding source is visualized, first-line treatment should include?

Cautery using sliver nitrate sticks

What type of visualization or imaging should be used to confirm the presence of an inorganic nasal foreign body?

Direct otoscopic visualization

What is the preferred treatment approach for a 2yo with an occlusive bead in the right nare?

Positive pressure "parent's kiss"

What is the appropriate management of a septal hematoma?

Immediate incision and drainage with packing

Which of the following is the most common patient presentation of an inorganic nasal foreign body? - Black nasal discharge - Difficulty breathing - Facial pain and/or swelling - History concerning for foreign body insertion

History concerning for foreign body insertion

What is considered the best treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) ?

Daily saline irrigation

What is the imaging study of choice for head and neck cancers?

Contrast CT scan

What is the most common causative organism of epiglottitis?

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)

What is the most common bacteria that causes cavities?

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)

Pt with sore throat and fever. 2 days later rash appears. On exam, pastia lines and circumoral pallor are noted. Labs came back positive for antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Scarlet fever ## Footnote * pastia lines and circumoral pallor are suggestive of scarlet fever caused by group A B-hemolytic streptococcal infection * Strawberry tongue is also commonly seen in Scarlet Fever

What is the classic radiographic finding seen on lateral neck XR in acute epiglotittis?

Thumb-print sign

What is the most appropriate management for leukoplakia?

Surgical removal with serial monitoring ## Footnote * must be monitored b/c leukoplakia can progress to SCC

A potential complication of deep neck infections is?

Mediastinitis

Most common pathogen that causes bacterial parotitis?

S. aureus

A genetic defect in this gene accounts for ~ 50% of all cases of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Complement Factor H gene

Giant cell arteritis is usually associated with

CRAO (Central Retinal Artery Occlusion)

Glaucoma is usually associated with

CRVO (Central Retinal Vein Occlusion)

Hypercoagulable states are associated with

both CRAO and CRVO (both central retinal artery occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion)

Most common cause of Optic Neuritis is

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Allergic rhinitis is an -------- mast cell degranulation.

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Allergic rhinitis is a -------- hypersensitive reaction following acute or chronic exposure to the allergen involved.

Type I

Posterior epistaxis generally arises from the posterior nasal cavity via branches of the sphenopalatine arteries at an area known as ?

Woodruff plexus

What A1c level is considered significant for diagnosis of T2DM

A1c >= 6.5% ## Footnote * and fasting glucose > 126

What are some common ototoxic medications ?

NSAIDS Aminoglycoside antibiotics Loop diuretics Antimalarials Chemotherapy drugs

Painless vision loss after seeing "curtain drop" in the eye is likely ?

Retinal detachment

What is a common risk factor for foreign-body aspiration in children?

Underdeveloped or immature dentition

EENT (5%) Flashcards

(60 cards)