Natural Penicillins
-Pen G
- *Narrow spec
- Streptococci
- non-penicillinase Staphylococci
- some Gram positives
- BUT few Gram negatives
- No psuedomonas
Aminopenicillins
- Amoxi
- Ampi
Same spec as Pen G
+ Kills some Gram Neg (penetrate Outer membrane)
-susceptible to B-lactamase
Beta lactamse stable penicillins
- Oxa
- cloxa
- dicloxa
- methi
- narrow spec
- good for Staph/step (cloxacillin-mastitis)
- No Gram neg
- No MRSA
Extended Spectrum Penicillins
- Ticarcillin
- piperacillin
- carbenacillin
- *anti-Pseudomonas
- Gram negative
Cephalosporins (1st generation)
- similar spec to Aminopenicillis
- kill some B-lactamase Staph
- Aerobic Gram -
- *UTI, pyoderma, pneumonia
- -Good for EMPIRICAL Tx
No Pseudomonas
1st generation cephalosporin Names
- Cefa-droxil
- Cefa-zolin
- Cepha-pirin (vet) Cefa-Lak/Dri
- Cepha-lexin
Cephalosporins (3rd generation)
More Gram Neg
-Pseudomonas
**less GramPos
3rd generation cephalosporin Names
Cef-podoxime (dogs) Simplicef® - tabs
Cef-tiofur (cattle) Naxcel® - inject
Cef-ovecin (dog/cats) Covenia®
side effects of cephalosporins
vomit/diarrhea w/ PO
Carbapenems
= Imipenem (Primaxin)
- *broadest spectrum of Beta Lactams
- faster
- Gram Neg Sepsis (w/ less endotoxins)
–need cilastin to avoid nephrotox
Tetracycline & oxytetracycline spectrum
- intracellular
1. lepto
2. Bovine/swine Respiratory Dz (mycoplasma)
3. Tick born pathogens (richettsia)
4. chlamydia - *Doxy bigger spectrum + CNS penetration
Generally
- *anti-inflammatory properties!
- NO anaerobes
- NO staph
- NO pseudomonas
Absorption of
–tetra- oxytetra- chlortetra-
VS
–doxy- minocycline
Tetra/ oxytetra/chlortetra
- -EMPTY stomach
- -IV / IM better
Doxy/Minocycline
- better absorption
- less for horses (fiber)
What are tetracyclines used for?
- UTI
- lung parenchyma/ bronchial secretions
- sputum
- synovial fluid
- ** fluid w/in eye globe
- **Prostate~~~
Names of Aminoglycoside drugs
Gentamicin
Amikacin (doesn’t follow the “mycin” rule)
**broadest spec/ less toxicity/ less resistance
Kanamycin
Tobramycin (ophthalmic use)
Neomycin (large animal feed additive – topical use
Spectrum of Aminoglycosides
Gram NEGATIVE
Aerobes
What receptor increases Aminoglycosides in Renal/ cochlear cells?
phosphatidylinositol
Quinolones names
Enrofloxacin (Baytril®)
Orbofloxacin (Orbax®)
Marbofloxacin (Zeniquin®)
Difloxacin
Danofloxacin
Sarafloxacin
Quinolone spectrum
Gram negative
AEROBES
- Rickettsia , salmonella, pseudomonas
* newer generations = better Gram Pos
No to:
- MRSA
- Strep
- Pseudomonas (sometimes)
What species can Baytril be used for in food animal?
- Beef
- non-lactating dairy
- Swine
**NO poultry
Sulfonamides
- sulfa-diazine (w/ Trimethoprim) = Tribissen
- sulfa-dimethoxine (w/ Ormetoprim) = Primor
- sulfa-dimethoxine ALONE = Albon
- non-lactating, calves
- sulfa-salazine –Anti-inflammatory (colon)
What are the potentiating agents for sulfas & what do they do?`
Trimethoprim
Ormetoprim
– Block formation of THFA
—> cidal effects
What are the adverse rxns to sulfas?
- Dry eye – tx w/ cyclosporin
Delayed hypersens rxn
- Glamerulopathy
- Polymyositis/polyarthritis
- rash
- thrombocytopenia, Neutropenia, anemia
- hepatic necrosis
7 interferes w/ thyroid synth –boarderline dogs
Indications for sulfas
- pyoderma
- UTI
- Resp infections
- protozoal infection
Sulfasalazine
- Sulfa + 5-ASA (asprin-like)
- -5-ASA = mesalamine cleaved off by bacteria in COLON –> blocks PG releases –> anti-inflamm
